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Corrections (prisons (prison proper (inmate code, adaptive roles, doing…
Corrections
prisons
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elderly inmates
approx. 152,000 inmates over 55
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average cost is $69,000 per year (3x as much for younger)
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periods
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Penitentiary
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separate vs. congregate
Pennsylvania system
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would have prisoners alone and not allowed to speak to each other while a chaplain would walk down spokes preaching
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New York system
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Auburn penitentiary, New York
isolated at night, working and eating together during the day but not allowed to converse
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Reformatory movement
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national prison association meeting, Cincinnati, 1870
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Community
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root in civil unrest, distrust of government
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Crime Control
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evidence in favor of this was extremely flawed but still used by politicians to show themselves tough on crime
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Hands-off period
Prior to the 1960s, "slave to state" " civil death"
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what are jails?
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holding facility for State, federak
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13,500 police lockups (temporary holdings)
only 40% are in the convicted status, 85.3% are male
African Americans are 35.4%, whites are 47.4%, hispanic is 14.9%
goals
lots of confinement, wants to make it so no one wants to go there
you do thw crime, you do the time
Custodial model
maintaining corrections, behaviors, inmates, safety of inmates and community
rehabilitation model
gives them the best treatment that is possible (as in they are treated appropriately and taught to be changed) and then released
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community corrections
history
john agustus, Boston 1841
first statewide system in Massachusetts, 1880
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began as a second chance, evolved to supervisio and serviceprovision
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prisoner rights
1st amendment
Procunier v. Martinez (1974) - mail censorship only with demonstration of compelling government interest
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Religious freedom Restorative Act (RFRA) and Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA)
4th amendment
Hudson v. Palmer (1984) - may search cells and confiscate with suspicion of wrongdoing or justification
Bell v. Wolfish (1979) - body searches permissible to fit institutional need and when not used to degrade
Florence v. Board of Chosen Freeholders (2012)- may strip search those entering jail under minor offenses
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14th amendment
Due process- Wolff v. McDonnell (1974)- basic procedural right in disciplinary hearings, sanctions
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re- introduction
institutional reentry
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halfway houses, work release programs in the community
parole
conditional release of offender from incarceration, but not from legal custody of the state
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types of release
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mandatory release- maximum minus good time, or a percentage of full sentence is served
discretionary release- parole board decision to release to parole supervision within indeterminate sentencing states