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Respiratory System (General Functions (Respiration (Internal (exchange of…

- - - - exchange of gases between blood and tissue cells
    - - exchange of gases between lungs and blood
- - - - alveoli
  - - - pharynx
  - - - respiratory bronchioles
  - - - alveoli
- - - - pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia
    - - clean the air, warm the air and humidify
      - sinuses in these spaces give our voice resonance
    - - ethmoid
      - sphenoid
      - frontal
      - maxillary
  - - - pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia (nasopharynx)
      - stratified squamous epithelium (oropharynx & laryngopharynx)
    - - passageway for air and food
    - - tonsils (abundant in lymphoid tissue)
  - - - pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia
    - - clean the air, warm the air and humidify
      - provide airway for respiration
    - - conchal
      - create turbulence
- - - - opening between the vocal folds/cords
    - - covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing and prevents food or liquids from entering the lower respiratory channels
    - - exhaled air causes folds to vibrate, producing the sounds of speech
- - - - simple cuboidal epithelium
      - will produce surfactant (prevent alveoli from sticking together when you exhale)
    - - Secreted by type II alveolar cells and remove dust and particles that reach the alveoli
    - - simple squamous epithelium
      - gas exchange occurs in the alveoli across a respiratory membrane consisting of type 1 cells
  - - - pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
      - rings of cartilage
      - right and left primary supply the lungs
    - - No cartilage
      - No cilia
      - <1mm in diameter
      - No goblet cells
- - - - parietal
        
        lines the thoracic wall, diaphragm and mediastinum
      - visceral
        
        covers the external surfaces of the lungs
  - - - superior lobe
      - middle lobe
      - inferior lobe
    - - superior lobe
      - inferior lobe