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Land, Climate and Environment of Pakistan (Environment (Effect of human…

- - - - Highland covers the mountainous areas of Pakistan. Highland covers Balochistan, KPK, FATA, and Gilgit Baltistan.
    - - Low-land covers the lower Indus and upper Indus plain of Pakistan. The upper Indus plain covers Punjab and the lower Indus plain cover Sindh.
    - - The arid zone covers the deserted areas of Pakistan such as Thar and Thal.
    - - Coastal areas cover Karachi and Makran coast.
    - - Highland
        
        The growth of tress is retarded because of severe cold winters.
        
        Transhumance is also practiced.
        
        The people of highland face shortage of electricity and network problems.
        
        The people in highland wear warm clothes and prefer warm food.
        
        The people face respiratory problems.
      - Arid
        
        The people living in arid zone face shortage of water.
        
        The majority of people are nomadic.
        
        People there wear thin and rough .
        
        People suffer from heatstroke due to extreme heat
      - Lowland
        
        The people living lowland wear light clothes due to hot whether
        
        Thunderstorms are also common low land which make the climate cordial for the people
        
        People eat both hot and cold foods in lowland areas.
        
        It's the most efficient place for agriculture because of its topographical structure.
      - Coastal areas
        
        People wear fewer cotton clothes in coastal areas.
        
        The land is inappropriate for agriculture.
        
        The people enjoy cordial and moderate climate due to nearness to the sea.
        
        People enjoy seafood due to nearness to sea.
  - - - The amount of water that reaches the earth from clouds in different forms such as snow and rainfall is known as precipitation.
    - - Western depression is the cyclones which originate from the Mediterranean sea, they travel across Afghanistan and Iran and bring heavy rainfall to the western part of Pakistan.
    - - Monsoon winds are seasonal winds which blow during summer. They originate from the Bay of Bengal which brings heavy rainfall to the Eastern part of Pakistan.
    - - The relief rainfall is related to the height of the land. It occurs when there is a difference in the temperature between an ocean and the mountain. The moist, warm air rises in the form of water vapors and forms clouds at heightened areas and it rains.
- - - - Destruction of the ecosystem(living things which depend upon nonliving).
      - The burning of fossil fuels that emit harmful gases.
      - Land degradation is also caused by the industries.
      - Environmental pollution is also caused by the waste of industries.
    - - Increases the ratio of oxygen in the atmosphere.
      - Makes the temperature moderate.
      - Absorb carbon dioxide from environment for photosynthesis.
    - - Increase the ratio of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
      - Destruction of the natural habitat of some living species.
      - Shortage of wood material for the future.
  - - - Industries
      - Natural sources such as forest fires and volcanoes.
      - Vehicles
    - - Deforestation
      - Chemical and nuclear plants
      - Garbage or waste
    - - Sewage(waste water)
      - Oil pollution
      - River dumping
      - Agricultural pollution
      - Marine dumping
  - - - Loss of lung capacity
      - Shortened lifespan due to the aging of lungs and heart problems.
      - Cardiovascular and respiratory illness
      - It also causes typhoid and cholera
      - Development of diseases such as asthma, bronchitis and emphysema.
    - - Acid rain can destroy crops.
      - It will cause various diseases in the crops.
      - It will acidify the the soil or damages the nutrient components of soil.
    - - Loss of ecosystem
      - Ozone layer depletion
      - Soil erosion
      - Greenhouse effect and Global warming is also caused.
  - - - Due to global warming the glaciers melt which cause a lot of problems
      - Because of extreme heat some living species die which leads to loss of biodiversity
      - Due to the melting of glaciers caused by global warming flood occurs and destroys crops and houses.
      - Because of extreme heat, the droughts have increased which are causing a lot of problems such as soil erosion.
    - - At an individual level
        
        We should not burn the garbage. Instead of this we should reuse and recycle it.
        
        We should plant more and more tress in order to increase the ratio of oxygen
        
        We should use renewable energy. By using renewable energy we can save our country and earth from pollution.
      - At Government level
        
        The government should take responsibility of planting trees.
        
        The government should ban throwing waste, garbage on the streets and in the surrounding.
        
        The government should make people use CFC's products less
- - - - Importance of Rivers for Pakistan
        
        The river provides water for agriculture and irrigation.
        
        The river water is also used for domestic purposes.
        
        Inland fishing is done in the rivers of Pakistan.
        
        The river water is used to make hydro-electricity.
        
        Near the river is a very good spot for tourism and industries.