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Land, Climate and Environment of Pakistan (Environment (Effect of human…
Land, Climate and Environment of Pakistan
Climate
Climatic regions of Pakistan
Highland zone
Highland covers the mountainous areas of Pakistan. Highland covers Balochistan, KPK, FATA, and Gilgit Baltistan.
Low-land zone
Low-land covers the lower Indus and upper Indus plain of Pakistan. The upper Indus plain covers Punjab and the lower Indus plain cover Sindh.
Arid zone
The arid zone covers the deserted areas of Pakistan such as Thar and Thal.
Coastal areas
Coastal areas cover Karachi and Makran coast.
Effect of climate on the life of people with respect to climatic zones
Highland
The growth of tress is retarded because of severe cold winters.
Transhumance is also practiced.
The people of highland face shortage of electricity and network problems.
The people in highland wear warm clothes and prefer warm food.
The people face respiratory problems.
Arid
The people living in arid zone face shortage of water.
The majority of people are nomadic.
People there wear thin and rough .
People suffer from heatstroke due to extreme heat
Lowland
The people living lowland wear light clothes due to hot whether
Thunderstorms are also common low land which make the climate cordial for the people
People eat both hot and cold foods in lowland areas.
It's the most efficient place for agriculture because of its topographical structure.
Coastal areas
People wear fewer cotton clothes in coastal areas.
The land is inappropriate for agriculture.
The people enjoy cordial and moderate climate due to nearness to the sea.
People enjoy seafood due to nearness to sea.
Factors that influence the climate of Pakistan
Precipitation
The amount of water that reaches the earth from clouds in different forms such as snow and rainfall is known as precipitation.
Western Depression
Western depression is the cyclones which originate from the Mediterranean sea, they travel across Afghanistan and Iran and bring heavy rainfall to the western part of Pakistan.
Monsoon winds
Monsoon winds are seasonal winds which blow during summer. They originate from the Bay of Bengal which brings heavy rainfall to the Eastern part of Pakistan.
Relief Rainfall
The relief rainfall is related to the height of the land. It occurs when there is a difference in the temperature between an ocean and the mountain. The moist, warm air rises in the form of water vapors and forms clouds at heightened areas and it rains.
Environment
Effect of human activities on the climate
Industrialization
Destruction of the ecosystem(living things which depend upon nonliving).
The burning of fossil fuels that emit harmful gases.
Land degradation is also caused by the industries.
Environmental pollution is also caused by the waste of industries.
Agricultural practices
Increases the ratio of oxygen in the atmosphere.
Makes the temperature moderate.
Absorb carbon dioxide from environment for photosynthesis.
Deforestation
Increase the ratio of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Destruction of the natural habitat of some living species.
Shortage of wood material for the future.
Main sources of pollution
air pollution
Industries
Natural sources such as forest fires and volcanoes.
Vehicles
land pollution
Deforestation
Chemical and nuclear plants
Garbage or waste
water pollution
Sewage(waste water)
Oil pollution
River dumping
Agricultural pollution
Marine dumping
Problems caused by pollution
Health Problems
Loss of lung capacity
Shortened lifespan due to the aging of lungs and heart problems.
Cardiovascular and respiratory illness
It also causes typhoid and cholera
Development of diseases such as asthma, bronchitis and emphysema.
Agricultural Problems
Acid rain can destroy crops.
It will cause various diseases in the crops.
It will acidify the the soil or damages the nutrient components of soil.
Environmental Problems
Loss of ecosystem
Ozone layer depletion
Soil erosion
Greenhouse effect and Global warming is also caused.
Global warming
Impacts of global warming on Pakistan
Due to global warming the glaciers melt which cause a lot of problems
Because of extreme heat some living species die which leads to loss of biodiversity
Due to the melting of glaciers caused by global warming flood occurs and destroys crops and houses.
Because of extreme heat, the droughts have increased which are causing a lot of problems such as soil erosion.
Remedies to lessen the effect of global warming on Pakistan
At an individual level
We should not burn the garbage. Instead of this we should reuse and recycle it.
We should plant more and more tress in order to increase the ratio of oxygen
We should use renewable energy. By using renewable energy we can save our country and earth from pollution.
At Government level
The government should take responsibility of planting trees.
The government should ban throwing waste, garbage on the streets and in the surrounding.
The government should make people use CFC's products less
Land
Location of Pakistan with reference to longitudes and latitudes
Location of different landform features
Plains
Deserts
Rivers
Importance of Rivers for Pakistan
The river provides water for agriculture and irrigation.
The river water is also used for domestic purposes.
Inland fishing is done in the rivers of Pakistan.
The river water is used to make hydro-electricity.
Near the river is a very good spot for tourism and industries.
Plateaus
Mountains
Coastal areas