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20th Century Music - 12A - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Austrian-born composer, music theorist, teacher, writer, and painter
      - considered one of the most influential composers of the 20th century
      - developed the twelve-tone technique, a compositional method of manipulating an ordered series of all twelve notes in the chromatic scale
      - Experimented with atonality
      - Developed motifs rather than having a central melodic idea
      - Verklärte Nacht
        
        Highly romantic piece of program music based on a poem
      - Five Orchestral Pieces, Op. 16
    - - Russian-born composer, pianist, and conductor
      - key characteristics of his music- rhythmic energy, construction of extended melodic ideas out of a few two- or three-note cells, and clarity of form and instrumentation
      - Scherzo fantastique
      - Firebird
      - Moved away from metrical rhythm
- - - - Famous composers include Stravinsky, Provokiev, Hindemith and Bartok
- - - - The piece is performed by having the performer not play any instruments but rather silence for exactly four minutes and thirty three seconds. The actual music is created by the noises produced by the environment during this time, rather then any actual musical instrument.
- - - - mong over 60 major compositions are his breakthrough piece for string septet, Shaker Loops his first significant large-scale orchestral work, Harmonielehre the popular fanfare Short Ride in a Fast Machine and On the Transmigration of Souls a piece for orchestra and chorus commemorating the victims of the September 11, 2001 attacks, which won the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 2003
- - - - New York counterpoint
      - music for 18 musicians
    - - string quartet "Mishima:
      - string quartet "Company"
    - - china Gates
      - Become Ocean
    - - In Paradisum
      - In a Landscape
    - - The fire bird
      - The Rite of Spring
- - - - During the latter years of Stravinsky's life, he fell ill unfortunetly and died of heart failure in 1971, in Essex House where he wrote most of his compositions
      - In the USA, he composed pieces like Cantata (1952), Three Songs from Shakespeare (1953) where he uses serialism technique such as dodecaphony - 12 tone chromatic scale with no sense of tonality.
      - Stravinsky’s unconventional dominant seventh chord in his arrangement of “The Star-Spangled Banner” led to an incident with the Boston police on 15 January 1944, and he was warned that the authorities could impose a $100 fine upon any rearrangement of the national anthem in whole or in part!
  - - - Throughout the 1910s, Stravinsky spent lots of time in Paris, however did not move there until 1920. He was to live there for 19 years, leaving in 1939 to live in LA.
      - While in Paris, Stravinsky found himself surrounded by the richest people in high society.
      - In the early 1910s, Stravinsky was hired by Serge Diaghilev to compose for his Ballets Russes to be performed in Paris. In these years, he wrote Firebird, Petrushka, The Rite of Spring and Pulcinella.
  - - - premiered 15th may 1920
        
        based of a collection of short pieces buy ghe italian compaoser pergolesi
        
        its a comedy
        
        he ballet was commissioned by Sergei Diaghilev, impresario of the Ballets Russes.
        
        A performance of the work typically lasts 35 minutes
        
        the story
        
        Stravinsky adapted the older music to a more modern style by borrowing specific themes and textures, but interjecting his modern rhythms, cadences, and harmonies.
    - - It tells the story of half-men/ half-puppets
        
        The ballerina
        
        She rejects Petrushka and falls in-love with the Moor
        
        The Moor
        
        Presented as brutal and un-intelligent
        
        Petrushka
        
        He is represented by a bi-tonal harmony: Cmaj chord played over an Fsharp maj
        
        He is in-love with the Ballerina
        
        The Charlatan
      - The music is very energetic, harmonically and rhythmically challenging and has interesting orchestration
      - Originally it wasn't supposed to be a ballet but a composing exercise
      - Lots of the music is based on Russian Folk-song
      - composed in 1910
  - - - He was also raised by his mother, Anna, who was a talented pianist.
    - - However, after enrolling at the university of Saint Petersburg, Stravinsky befriended a classmate whose father, Nikolai, was a celebrated composer.
        
        Stravinsky soon became Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's pupil, as he was granted the freedom to pursue his artistic career upon the death of his father in 1902.
    - - Claude Debussy