TOURISM AND RECREATIONAL PLANNING POLICY

Importance of tourism

Creating jobs and Wealth

Contributing to sustainable development:

Providing Infrastructure:

jobs generated by travel and tourism are spread across economy,this sector employ a large propotion of workers

  • (Agenda 21) industry-specific action plan
  • can play a positive part in increasing consumer commitment to sustainable development principles through its unparalled consumer distribution channel.
  • travel and tourism depends on a wide range of infrastructure services
    (airport,roads, railhead and ports)
    -to preserve fragile or threatened area
  • good infrastructure is a key factorsin the industry ability to manage visitor flows

Challenge for the future


  • if tourism and travel is managed badly it can damaged fragile environments and destroy local cultures
    -the challenge is to managed the future growth of the industry
  • as well as to minimise its negative impacts on the environment and host communities whilst maximising the benefits it brings in terms of jobs, wealth and support for local culture and industry and etc.

Definition Of Tourism

the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during the saty in those destinantions, and the facilities created to cater of thier need.

The activities of person travelling outside his or her usual environment for less than a specified period of time whose main purpose of travel is other than for exercise of an activity remunerated from the place visited

Tourism is a study of man (sic) away from his usual habitat,of the industry which responds to his needs and the impacts that both he and the industry have for the host socio-cultural, economic and physical environments.

criteria of tourism definition:


  • movement - non-permanent stay
  • activities and experience
  • resource and facilities required
  • impact resulting from the travel and stay

Motivation For Travel

Eleven major reasons for tourist travel:


  • escape
  • relaxtion
  • play
  • strengthening family bonds
  • prestige
  • social interaction
  • sexual opportunity
  • educational opportunity
  • self-fulfilment
  • wish fulfilment
  • shopping

PUSH AND PULL

The PUSH are number of preceived negative factors about the context in which the potiential tourist currently finds himself or herself

The PULL are perceived positive factors of a potetntial or real destination

TRAVEL AND LADDER

are multivariate and dynamic,changing particularly as a result of ageing and life-cycle stage, as well as being influenced by other people

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Tourism Planning and Policy

A set of rules, regulations, guidelines, directives, and develepment objectives and strategies that provide framework

The process of making decisions for the future, and not simply the physical preparation of a 'plan'. Planning involves implementing decisions and monitoring the outcomes.

Tourism Development

Private public partnership

Tourism competitive advantage

sustainable development

Government facilitation

Tourism Clustering

Private sector investment

International cooperation

Tourism as a system

Demand driven sector

Responsible development

purpose of travel under three main heading :


  1. Pleasure: leisure,culture,culture,active sport, visiting friends and relatives.
  2. Professional: meetings,mission,business.etc
  3. other purpose: study,transit,health

Approaches To Tourism Planning

2. Economic

3.Physical/ Spatial

5. Sustainable


4.Community

Career Path For Tourism Planning

1.Boosterism :

  • Promote economic growth and development in a destination
  • Apply the use of marketing and promotion to attract visitors.
  • one of the tourism planning aproaches that have attitude towards tourism development which is inherently 'good' and will provide benefit to the hosts destination
  • Create income and employment benefits for the regions, communities, and countries as a whole

- weakness: It doesn't take into account environmental concerns and social issues (limited attention)

  • give benefit to the host destination and community which can bring higher living standards to destination and improve quality of life of the people
  • Form of land use to be managed using spatial strategies and regarded as having an ecological based with a resultant.
  • The key: Carrying, capacity, hazard and risk assessment, resource and landscape evaluation ,resource appraisal and allocation, decision making and evaluation, development of appropriate institutional arrangement
  • To control and maintain the capacities, land use and the number of physical infrastructure being built for tourism.
  • focuses on the social and political context within which tourism accurs and it advocates greater local community control over the development process.
  • seeks for public participation in a destination in order to enhance their economic livehood while protecting their culture value,and perserving the natural environment.
  • implies a high degree of public participation,highly involved the community in the decision making and planing process
  • sustainable approach towards tourism is an integrative form of tourism planning which brings together economic,environmental (physical/spatial) and community planning methods
  • main strenght : long term protection of environtment resources (to avoids damage on the environment,economy and cultures),provides positive experience for host community tourism industry and the tourist itself.
  • Tourism is a huge industry where the opportunities are practically endless.
  • the job: is well-paying,invigorating,interesting and challenging

cruise ship attendant

tour leader/ guide

hotel concierge

Visitor information officer

International retail travel consultant

Airport airline operation manager

Tourism consultant

Agency manager

Regional tourism manager

Matthieson and Wall (1983)

WTO (1991)

Jafari (1981)