Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

B1 mocks revision - Coggle Diagram

- - - - lught microscope passes light through a specimen and creates a magnified image using lenses
        light microscopes allowed bacteria to be seen for the first time also allowed us to see plant and animal cells as seperate objects
        but it was still difficult to tell subcellular structures apart
    - - pass electrons through specimen have better resolution and a mag of *500000
        high level of detail
        allowed scientist to see subcellular structures like mitochondria and ribosomes and chloroplast
    - - put a thin sample of tissue e.g. onion epidermis onto a microscope slide add a few drops of iodine
        place coverslip ontop of the tissue and place the slide onto the microscope stage, uses objective lens with lowest mag and focus on the sample
        increase mag and refocus to see different features of the cell
      - the dye is used to give contrast to features of cells to make them visible
- - - - every 30 seconds take a drop of the mixture and add a drop of iodine solution
        record the total time taken for the iodine solution to stop turning blue when added
        
        this indicates that all starch has been broken down
  - - - there used to break down large food molecules by catalysing he breakdown.
        Digested molecules can be used to construct new carbs, lipids and proteins in the body
        some glucose produced by digestion is used for respiration
      - the three main digestive enzymes are - lipase, protease and amylase
        
        amylase - breaks down starch and is produced in small intestine pancreas and salivary glands
        
        action sites of amylase are the small intestine and mouth
        
        amylase breaks down strach into sugars
        
        lipase
        
        lipase is a type of digestive enzyme which breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
        
        lipase are produced in the - small intestine and pancreas
        
        protease
        
        protease breaks down protiens into amino acids
        
        proteases are produced in the small intestine pancreas and stomach
        
        action sites of protease are small intestine and stomach
        
        biuret solution is used in testing for proteins
  - - - Amylase breaks down starch into sugars. It is produced in the salivary glands and the small intestine.
      - Pepsin is produced in the stomach.
      - The pH of the stomach is a lot lower than the pH of saliva, due to the presence of stomach acid.
      - This means pepsin likely has a lower (more acidic) optimum pH than amylase.
      - The pH of the small intestine is also higher (less acidic) than the pH of the stomach. This is due to the presence of bile in the small intestine.
    - - phagocyte
- - - - cytoplasm - packed full of nutrients to help zygote grow
        
        23 chromosomes in a haploid cell
- - - - cell membrane - seperates interior of cell from environment oustide, partially permeable
      - cytoplasm - jelly like fluid , where mos of the cells reactions take place
      - nucleus - control centre of the cell
      - ribosomes - synthesising protiens
      - mitochondria - power house of cell, aerobic respiration releases energy in here
      - permanent vacuole -stores water in animal can make up as much as 90% of cells volume
      - chloroplast - contain chloryphyll which is needed for photosynthesis
      - cell wall - surounds cell and is made of cellulose
    - - plasmid, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, flagella, dna, ribosomes