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GP 2020 prep - Coggle Diagram

- - - - most Indian cities struggle with their recycling regimes
      - generates 25000 tons of waste per day, only 14000 tons are collected
      - café is a 2 pronged approach of both managing waste + feeding the poor
        self funding, non-profit organisation
      - café is a 2 pronged approach of both managing waste + feeding the poor
        self funding, non-profit organisation
      - generates about 1.2 million rupees per month
    - - accumulation of plastic objects in the Earth's environment that adversely affect wildlife, wildlife habitat and humans
      - plastic that isn't recycled goes to landfills or in dump sites
      - some of the plastic that isn't recycled enters our environment and pollutes the natural habitat causing damage to our ecosystem
      - many plastic materials take centuries to degrade, so it just continues to pile up over time
      - when marine life consume these plastic materials, they may be in danger due to lack of oxygen intake or poisoning from the plastic + could also inhibit movement which may lead to starvation and death
    - - plastic is cheap, readily available, widespread use globally
      - world's population is growing, urbanisation is more common, high demand for plastic products
      - general public has a disposable mentality when it comes to plastic
      - marine shipping and fishing industries play a huge part on plastic waste
    - - preventing pollution by lessening the amount of new raw materials used
      - saves energy
      - reduces greenhouse gas emissions
      - saves money
    - - reduce personal and business plastic waste ; switch from plastic materials to paper or glass one instead
      - carry metal water bottle instead of plastic ones
        
        buying 2nd hand items
        
        use reusable cloth bags
      - responsibility, traceability and transparency are key to ensuring waste is respected and can be utilised as a potential future resource wherever possible
      - raising awareness via social media
        
        spread the news of documentaries and TV series that have helped to bring the issue of plastic waste to the forefront
        
        introduce more sustainable practices and attitudes towards plastic in your business
  - - - when disposed inappropriately => damage ecosystem => when humans consume farm produce => human health affected
      - lead, mercury, nickel => poisoning
      - certain components of electronic products contain toxic substances which can generate a threat to the environment as well as to human health
      - they do not biodegrade easily as well
    - - China has established administrative measures to control pollution of e-waste
      - National Environmental Management Waste Bill includes implications for e-waste management that aims to reform waste management legislation in South Africa
        
        to protect public health and environment
      - extend e-waste producers' responsibility for their products over the entire lifecycle of the product
    - - finding markets for flame-retardant plastics
      - dealing with hazardous materials
      - cost of logistics and transportation
      - minimise illegal dumping of electronics, imposing tougher laws
    - - recycling is key to reducing e-waste and has multiple environmental benefits
      - impose tougher laws
      - strictly enforce laws as a way to prevent illegal dumping
      - aggressive legislation, new technological solutions, increased public awareness through more education on e-waste
      - present laws should be evaluated and modified periodically to allow proper progression
      - educating people => how to recycle, reuse, dispose properly, teach communities how to behave more responsibly towards the environment
    - - the global market of electrical equipment continues to grow exponentially while the lifespan of these products becomes shorter
      - [eg] United Nation University estimates that 20 to 50 tons of e-waste is being generated per year worldwide
      - e-waste is any white goods, consumer and business electronics and information technology hardware that is in the end of its useful life
      - the cost of recycling e-waste exceeds revenue recovered from materials => dump in less developed countries
  - - - when food is disposed of, it increases our carbon footprint and contributes to global warming and climate change
      - food waste is one of the biggest waste streams in Singapore and the amount of food waste generated has grown by around 20% over the last 10 years
      - rice, noodles, bread are the most commonly wasted food items
      - when food is wasted and throw into landfills, it produces large amounts of methane when it rods and degrades thus leading to global warming
    - - resource sustainability act (2019)
        
        give legislative effect to new measures to address priority waste streams
      - 2021 onwards
        
        developers of new large commercial and industrial premises to allocate and set aside space for on-site food waste treatment systems in their design plans
      - 2024 onwards
        
        large commercial and industrial food waste generators will have to segregate their food waste for treatment
    - - smart food waste tracker developed by Lumitics
      - most kitchens dont measure their food waste, lack of visibility prevents chefs from taking proper measures to reduce it
      - uses sensor that weights the food that is about to be disposed on the tray, camera takes a picture and an AI identifies the food
      - data would help chefs to understand how much food is being thrown away and are able to analyse the data to identify food waste trends => give insight on what measures to imply