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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM, endocrine-system, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus,…

- - - - Ventral surface of trachea
    - - Thyoxine
        
        Contains
        
        Iodine
        
        Stimulate metabolism by increasing
        
        aerobic respiration
        
        energy production
        
        oxygen consumption
        
        lack of iodine
        
        causes low secretion of thyroxine
        
        Goiter
        
        Hypothyroidism
        
        All organs respond to it
        
        During childhood
        
        lack causes
        
        Cretinism
        
        High secretion causes
        
        Hyperthyroidism
        
        If excessive amount of thyroxin secreted
        
        feedback mechanisms works
        
        hypothalamus is stimulated
        
        does not continue to secrete RF
        
        TSH is not secreted
        
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      - Calcitonin
        
        decreases
        
        Ca levels in blood
        
        reabsorption of Ca in kidneys
        
        increases
        
        excretion of Ca in urine
        
        Works antagonistically with Parathormone
  - - - Back of the thyroid gland
    - - Parathyroid hormone
        
        Deficiency
        
        Tetany
        
        Excess amounts
        
        Kidney stones
      - Works antagonistically with calcitonin
        
        as Ca in blood
- - - - secretes
        
        corticosteroids (steroid structured) hormones
        
        Mineralocorticoids
        
        Aldesterone
        
        balances
        
        water and salt in the body
        
        increases
        
        reabsorption of Sodium and water
        
        excrete
        
        Potassium
        
        low levels cause
        
        Addison's disease
        
        Androgens
        
        Steroid sex hormones
        
        Estrogen
        
        Testosteron
        
        Progesterone
        
        Glucocorticoids
        
        Cortisol
        
        influence
        
        glucose metabolism, production of glucose from fat aminoacids and reduce inflamation
        
        occurs in high levels
        
        Cushing Syndrome
        
        Cortisone
    - - secretes when take tress-activated impulses
        
        Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
        
        increases
        
        blood pressure
        
        metabolic rate
        
        breath rate
        
        glycogen break down to glucose
        
        Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine)
        
        mostly released in
        
        nervous system as neurotransmitters
        
        narrows
        
        blood vessels
    - - above the kidneys
    - - otonom nervous system
  - - - Thymosin
        
        important for
        
        immune system
    - - in the chest
  - - - mixed type gland
        
        made up of
        
        Acinar cells
        
        Islets of Langerhans
        
        has two kinds of cells
        
        Alpha cells
        
        secrete
        
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        Beta cells
        
        secrete
        
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- - - - STH(Growth Hormone)
        
        promotes growth
        
        excess amounts cause gigantism in childhood
        
        deficiency causes dwarfism in childhood
      - PRL(Prolactin)
        
        stimulates lactation and growth of mammary glands
      - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
        
        controls Thyroid gland's secretion
      - ACTH(Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)
        
        controls
        
        secretion of hormones in the cortex region of adrenal glands
      - LH(Luteinizing Hormone)
        
        is one of gonadotropins
        
        stimulate ovulation
        
        control production of corpus luteum' secretion
      - FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
        
        stimulates
        
        follicle growth
        
        estrogen production during menstrual cycle
      - MSH( Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone)
        
        influences skin pigmentation
    - - ADH(Vasopressin)
        
        balance osmotic pressure
        
        decreases water reabsorption from kidneys
        
        less water in blood
        
        hypothalamus
        
        ADH
        
        kidneys
        
        reabsorption of water
        
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      - Oxytocin
        
        during birth induces uterine contractions
        
        secreted only in females
        
        positive feedback metabolism works
        
        baby sucks the milk
        
        that stimulates hypothalamus
        
        hypothalamus gives a greater response to secretion of milk
  - - - Melatonin
        
        if released less
        
        sleep problems can occur
      - Serotonin
- - - - is controlled by FSH and LH
      - necessary for oocyte
      - maintains female reproductive system
    - - prepares and maintains Uterus
      - is controlled by LH
  - - - male sex hormone
      - stimulates male characters
      - is stimulated by FSH