Industry transforms raw materials into manufactured products. First Industrial Revolution. This emerged at the end of the 18th century and was based on energy derived from coal. The metal and textile industries were the most important industries at the time. They were located near coal deposits and ports of countries such as the United Kingdom, USA, France and Germany. Second Industrial Revolution. This was based on energy derived from oil and electricity. It occurred between 1870 and 1970, and was marked by the invention of the combustion engine and assembly line production The industries most affected were the automobile, chemical, iron and steel and household appliance industries. They were located in cities and in new industrialised countries such as Japan and Russia. Information and automation revolution. In addition to oil, nuclear energy and new renewable energy were used. Electronics, information technology and biotechnology Automation and the Internet were pivotal to this revolution. Today, in common with other activities, industry has a global nature. Its activity depends on world demand and it is located in places with cheap raw materials and low production costs, as well as good transport links in order to reach the relevant markets.