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Petrochemicals and Polymers - Unit 11 - Coggle Diagram
Petrochemicals and Polymers - Unit 11
Petroleum
Fossil Fuels
Coal
Petroleum (Crude Oil)
Natural Gas
Production
High Temperature
Dead Bodies of animals
High Pressure
Bacteria
Long time
Fractional Distillation
At the Oil Refinery
Different HC : different b.pt and m.pt
Gets separated by raising temperature
petrol
naphta
kerosene
diesel
fuel oil
bitumen
etc...
Catalytic Cracking
larger molecules broke down into smaller ones
All reactions yield...
short chain alkene
shorter alkane
two or more alkene & Hydrogen
Blending Gasoline
Engine errors
Ingnite too early (Knocking) & too late (in winter)
Mix cracking products for better quality
Alternative Fuels and energy sources
Diesel
Gasoline from methanol
LPG & CNG
Biofuels
Biogas
Polymerization
Addition Polymerisation
the same monomer is repeatedly added
high pressure
heat
catalyst
Properties
Long chained molecules
joined by large number of monomers
Include molecules with C=C
are homopolymers
double bonds open up for joining
examples
PE (polyethane)
PP (polypropene)
PVC
Teflon
PS
Condensation Polymerisation
Nylon
synthetic fibre
copolymer
each link made loses a water molecules
Polyesters
from two monomers
-OH, -COOH
ester link forms
each loses a water molecule
Polymers
Made up of monomers
homopolymers
copolymers
In real life
Recycling
Biodegradable properties
Photodegradable
Biological
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Food
Amino acids