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REFRACTION, common examples, PRISM, note, terms related to it - Coggle…
REFRACTION
mediums
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optically denser: when a speed of light slows down in a medium, that medium is said to be optically denser medium.
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Definition:
when a ray of light travels from 1 transparent medium to another, it undergoes a change in its direction at the boundary between 2 mediums. This phenomenon is called refraction.
different speeds in different mediums.
air and vacuum: 310 to the power 8 m/s
water: 2.2510 to the power 8 m/s
glass: 1.8*10 to the power 8 m/s.
why does light rays bend?
light always obeys the principle of least time which states that out of all possible paths that light can take to go from 1 point to another, light takes the path that requires the shortest time
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physical density= refers to the mass/ volume ratio
optical density= tells us how fast or slow can light ray pass through it
common examples
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density of atmosphere decreases with increase in altitude
stars have a twinkling effect and change in brightness and color as because the rays bend constantly through the different layers of atmosphere.
sun is seen a few minutes before it actually rises as the light pass through different layers of atmosphere and refraction.
PRISM
sir Isaac Newton- beam of light- white light passed through the prism, it breaks into its constituent colors
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the band of 7 colors obtained on a screen on passing white light through a prism is called a SPECTRUM
RAINBOW- result of dispersion of sunlight by water droplets in the atmosphere
ALL COLORS travels in
same speed in air and vacuum
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note
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travels perpendicular to the surface of the 2 mediums, no deviation and hence no refraction
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terms related to it
incident ray:
the ray of light in the 1st medium
2- refracted ray:
the ray of light after changing its direction in 2nd medium.
3- point of incidence: the point at which the incident ray touches the boundary between 2 mediums.
4- normal
the perpendicular line drawn to the interface at the point of incidence.
5- angle of incidence- angle between incident ray and the normal
6- angle of refraction-
angle between refracted ray and the normal