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PROPERTIES OF MATTER
There are three state of matter which is gas,…
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
- There are three state of matter which is gas, liquid, and solid
GAS
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Gas laws
Boyle's Law
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Definition:
- For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of gas is inversely proportional to pressure of a gas
- When the gas volume decreases, the gas molecules are drawn closer together and exert more collisions per unit volume. Tus the pressure of gas increases,
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Charles's Law
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Definition :
- For a fix amount of a gas at constant pressure, the volume of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature ( in Kelvin)
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Avogadro's Law
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At constant pressure and temperature, the volume of gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas present
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LIQUID
Properties of liquid
Diffusion
- Slow
- Occurs when molecule breaks free from the network of molecules that surround it, and moves to another region of the liquid.
- Liquid has a lower diffusion rate than gas because intermolecular attractive forces bind them into a loose network with neighbouring molecules and restrict their movement
Surface tension
- Significant
- Occurs due to the intermolecular attractive forces that pulling liquid molecules at the surface in downward and sideways direction by the neighbouring molecules.
- Liquid surface is tightened as an elastic film
Viscosity
- Definition: A measure if the resistance of fluid to flow
- When a liquid flows, a portion of the liquid moves with respect to neighbouring portions. The cohesive force(intermolecular attraction between like molecules) within the liquid create an 'internal friction' which reduces the flow rate :
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Vaporization
- a process in which in the molecules changing from liquid to vapour phase
- occurs at any temperature and pressure and occurs on the liquid surfaces.
Condensation
- A process in which the molecules changing from vapour to liquid phase
Vapour pressure
- The pressure exerted by the vapour molecules in equilibrium with its liquid in a closed container
Boiling
- Liquid boils when its vapour pressure equals to atmospheric pressure.
SOLID
Fixed-shape of solid
Strength of interparticle forces
- strong enough to hold solid particles firmly in place
Arrangement of particles
- Closely packed together and held in rigid and orderly arrangement
Molecular motion
- Unable to move freely but can only vibrate and rotate about fixed position
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Freezing
- A process in which a substance changes from liquid to solid phase
Melting
- A process in which a substance changes from solid to liquid phase.
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