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Intermodal Transport - Coggle Diagram
Intermodal Transport
Introduction to Multimodal Transport
It aims to make the combination of modes of transport competitive against unimodal, segmented or combined transport.
Reasons for Development originated with the container revolution in the 1950s; since then you can place the goods in those huge boxes.
The transport of goods using at least two different modes of transport, covered by a country where the multimodal transport operator takes care of them.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Reduced handling times, up to 70% in loading and unloading operations.
Reduced transport costs by combining it with the most suitable transport system.
Decreased transport times by using the fastest and most reliable system.
Reduction of seal controls, which gains advantages in speed and elimination of customs controls.
Simplicity of customs control documentation.
tracking of goods, when traceability is carried out by means of a unit that is followed by Electronic Data Exchange Systems (EDI).
Port-based intermodality
ports as logistics centers
It is the organization, control and execution of the flow of materials from the beginning of a certain industrial activity to its final delivery to the customer seeking maximum satisfaction of the same.
Logistics must primarily plan resources.
Efficient port management and operation today has a greater impact on the total cost of transportation and total transport time.
Function
Its main function is to provide quality port services, intermodal transfer.
A port is an integral link within the transport chain designed for the movement of cargo from one low utility place to a high utility place.
Antecedentes
Classification of ports by UNCTACD
Second Generation
Port around which an industrial area is developed that receives raw materials.
Third Generation
Ports resting on marketing and electronic exchange of EDI data.
First Generation
Traditional ports that serve only as a point of transfer of goods
Advantages and Disadvantages
Economic Benefits
Energy Savings, Decreased costs, direct and indirect external, such as those related to accidents, Savings on vehicle fuels.
Advantages related to operating benefits
Suitability: It is the most appropriate medium for long distances.
Safety: For the transport of dangerous goods.
Optimization: Reducing overloads on the road network would lead to improvements for other vehicles transiting them.
Environmental Benefits
Maintenance: Transportation allows for greater care of the environment by using less petroleum-derived fuel.
Social improvements. Near the road networks there are usually urban centers, with the corresponding effect on health.
Disadvantages for difficult applicability
Few formulas. So far the proposed Tandem is the railway-road.
Comparative grievance. While road networks have been the subject of continuous investment and improvement, railway networks have not run with the same fate.
Structural Disadvantages
Failure. The tracks aren't enough.
Charging terminals: Not enough in terms of number or location
Track width. In many countries the track width is not the same.
Multimodal Transport Operator
Multimodal Transport Operator Classification (OTM)
Vessel Operating MTO
They are the largest OTM if you have based the assets involved in the business and the number of transactions are basically armators-
Non - Vessel Operating Multimodal MTO
Contrary to the above, in this case the operator is not an Shipowner - owner of the ship but otherwise owns transport and contracts the services of the shipping companies.
Your role in the logistics of Multimodal Operating Transport
It consists of assisting or complementing, as a service company, exporters and importers and users in general, the procedures for the shipment of goods to their final destination.
Definition and services you offer
The Multimodal Transportation Operator (OTM) is the person entering into a Multimodal Transportation Contract and assumes responsibility for its compliance as a carrier.
Multimodal Transportation Documentation
Multimodal Transportation Contract
The wills agreement under which a multimodal transport operator has taken the goods in his custody and has undertaken to deliver them in accordance with the clauses of the contract.
The multimodal transport document must mention
Name and address of the multimodal transport operator
Exporter's name and address
Name and address of consignee
Name and address of the person or entity to whom the arrival of the goods must be notified
The planned itinerary, modes of transport and transfer points.
The place and date on which the multimodal transport operator takes the goods into its custody
Date or time when the goods must be delivered at their place of destination.
A statement indicating whether the multimodal transport document is original or non-negotiable.
Number of originals issued
The nature of the goods
International Multimodal Goods Transport Conventions
Signatory Countries
Mexico, Chile, Georgia, Lebanon, Burundi Malawi, Morocco, Rwanda, Senegal, Zambia
UNCTAD and International Chamber of Commerce Rules (1991)
UNCTAD and ICC rules on multimodal transport documents, which entered into force in January 1992.
The main feature of UNCTAD/ICC rules is their voluntary applicability, as is the rest of the ICC rules
Limits of Liability
The liability of the Multimodal Transport Operator is set out in rule 5.1 as the liability for presumed misconduct or negligence including that of those persons hired by the OTM itself.
Advantages of regulation
The standard must be regional for uniformity to exist within a geographic set, but it must also be compatible.
The standard must be regional for uniformity to exist within a geographic set, but it must also be compatible.
Multimodal transport requires its own regulation because it establishes a contractual relationship between the exporter and the multimodal transport operator.
Definición y fundamentos de la Convención sobre el Transporte Internacional de Mercancías. (Ginebra, mayo de 1980)
It was adopted in Geneva, under the auspices of the United Nations, with the direct participation of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTA).
Multimodal and Intermodal Transport
Differences with multimodal transport
As for its technological characteristics, intermodal or combined multimodal transport can be defined as the use of two or more modes of transport.
The fundamental difference lies in the legal-commercial aspect, according to which it is understood as intermodal transport.
Ventajas y desventajas
It allows the combination of full load and bulking regimes with the aim of offering chargers a greater possibility of combination.
Consolidation of goods into higher load units, known as "unification"
In the intermodal transport of goods the container is locked to prevent theft and sealed tightly to avoid inclement weather
Description and Features
It is characterized by grouping the goods into "Load Units" to reduce handling of them.
It is based first and foremost on greater cooperation between all modes of transport, being a key point for cost improvement in the international logistics chain.
International Marketing Companies: Between service integrator. Features
The port is geographical, technological and cultural frontier, so it is a breaking point, but at the same time, it is a meeting place.
The sustained growth of an underdeveloped economy depends on the extent to which its active process of product imports can be encouraged
LAIA accommodates in its legal structure subregional, plurilateral and bilateral integration agreements that emerge increasingly on the continent
Background of Intermodal Transport (UAE 1984)
Beginning with the industrial revolution in the early 19th century, demanded more effective reforms to bring raw materials to new factories
International Intermodal Operations
Spanish ports. Experience results
The development of intermodality or combined transport that allows the transfer of flow between the different modes.
Logistics activity areas are a major element in the intermodal transport chain.
The international network is structured from international and national nodes, which mostly offer all modes of transport
The market for maritime transport in Spain is being liberalized by the Spanish government within the line of European directives.
Colombian ports. Experience and results
According to AAPA data, Cartagena ranks 6th on the move of TEUS in Latin America.
Colombia has four port areas where they offer operation, both public port companies and docks for private use.
Panamanian ports. Experiences and results
One of the trends of Panamanian ports is to have terminals with systems, this allows modal exchange processes to be developed.
Three methods are used to measure maritime transport activity: ship deployment, cargo capacity of vessels and the number of services provided.
Currently Panama serves as a place of passage to ships and containers, it is one of the leading Latin American countries.
Venezuelan ports. Experience and results
Venezuelan ports are divided into: commercial public ports, private public ports, private ports.
Everything related to the administration, conservation and use of ports for commercial use is the responsibility of the state.
The national rail plan consists of four systems to be completed in the long term and are: The Western system, the Central-Western system, the Eastern system and the Central system.