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Word formation - Coggle Diagram

- - - - mono- means ‘one’
      - multi- means ‘many’
      - post- means ‘after’
      - un- means ‘not’ or ‘opposite to’
- - - - -ism and -dom are used to form nouns
      - -er and -or are used to form nouns to describe people who do things
      - -en and -ify are used to form verbs
      - -able is used to form adjectives
      - -ly is a common suffix used to form adverbs
- - - - Can you text her? (verb from noun text, meaning to send a text-message)
      - They are always jetting somewhere. (verb from noun jet)
      - If you’re not careful, some downloads can damage your computer. (noun from verb download)
      - OK, so the meeting’s on Tuesday. That’s a definite. (noun from adjective)
      - It’s a very big if and I’m not at all sure we can afford it. (noun from conjunction, meaning ‘it’s not at all certain’)
      - All companies have their ups and downs. (nouns from prepositions)
      - We also use conversion when we change a proper noun into a common noun:
      - Has anybody seen my Dickens? (copy of a book by Dickens)
- - - - Nouns: car park, rock band
      - Adjectives: heartbreaking, sugar-free, airsick
      - Verbs: oven-bake, baby-sit, chain-smoke
      - Adverbs: good-naturedly, nevertheless
- - - - We use clipping when we shorten or ‘clip’ one or more syllables from a word.
        
        For example
        
        ad: advertisement, advert
        
        lab: laboratory
        
        Matt: Matthew
    - - Acronyms are a type of abbreviation formed when the initial letters of two or more words are combined in a way that produces consonant and vowel sequences found in words.
        
        Acronyms are normally pronounced as words.
        
        RAM: random access memory (RAM is a term used to describe a computer’s memory.)
        
        Initials are similar to acronyms but are pronounced as sets of letters, not as words.
        
        WHO: World Health Organisation, pronounced W–H–O
        CD: compact disc, pronounced C–D
    - - We form blends when we combine parts of existing words to form a new word.
        
        For example
        
        blog: blend of web and log
        
        motel: blend of motor and hotel
        
        smog: blend of smoke and fog
- - - - Can you liaise with Tim and agree a time for the meeting, please?
    - - She’s always enthusing about her new teacher.
- - - - sushi, tapas, chapatti, pizza
        
        We sometimes pronounce them more like English words, instead of using their original pronunciation.
- - - - For example
        
        e-bank, e-cards, e-commerce, e-learning
        
        Almost any noun may potentially combine with any other noun to form new noun compounds
        
        For example
        
        Computer virus
        
        Carbon footprint
        
        Quality time