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Chapter 7 : Public Policy - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 7 : Public Policy
7.1 Definition
James Under son defined public policy as a purposive course of actions or inactions undertaken by an actor or set of actors in dealing with a particular problem or matter of concern.
Thomas R. Dye says that public policy is whatever government chooses to do or not to do
7.1.1 Characteristics of Public Policy
It is purposive and goal oriented
Public policies are made up by public authorities
Consist a set of act in taken over time
Product of demand
Government directed course of actions
Can be positive or negative
7.2 Significance of Public Policy
Helps to responds the need of society
for scientific of the course and effect relationship
Can measure the achievement made by the government
Public policy plays a vital roles in society
7.3 Some Public Policy Areas
CRIMINAL JUSTICE POLICY
SOCIAL POLICY
HEALTH CARE POLICY
ECONOMIC POLICY
SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY
ENVIROMENTAL POLICY
EDUCATION POLICY
ENERGY POLICY
7.4 Public Policy Making Process
3) AGENDA
4) POLICY
2) DEFINATION
5) BUDGET
1) IDENTIFICATION
6) EVALUATION
7.7 ISSUES
1) POLITICAL INTERFERENCE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC POLICY
2) THE PROBLEM OF RED TAPE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC POLICY
3) THE INCONSISTENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION AND THE ENFORCEMENT OF PUBLIC POLICY
7.8 SOLUTION
2) The government needs to devise a way or method to control the problem of red tape in the process of making public policy in Malaysia.
1) Create a special organization or body that specializes in formulating and managing public policy in Malaysia so that it is not influenced by political influence
3) Organizations that manage public policy need to have a committee responsible for reviewing and balancing the implementation of policies that have been established
7.9 REFERENCE
Bitonio, J. (2018, July 19). Rationale for Public Policy. Retrieved December 17, 2020, from
https://www.slideshare.net/jobitonio/rationale-for-public-policy
Smith, J. (n.d.). These Challenges Are Sure to Keep Lawmakers Busy as Legislatures Reconvene This Year. Retrieved December 17, 2020, from
https://www.ncsl.org/bookstore/state-legislatures-magazine/biggest-issues-to-watch-in-2019.aspx
Yusoff, A. (2001, September 8). POLICY FORMULATION PROCESS – Based on the Malaysian Experience. Retrieved December 17, 2020, from
https://azman97.tripod.com/policy.html
MODELS OF PUBLIC POLICY-MAKING. (2002). Retrieved December 17, 2020, from
https://web.csulb.edu/~msaintg/ppa590/models.htm
Tanzania Public Service College Follow. (2015, April 09). PUBLIC POLICY: AN INTRODUCTION. Retrieved December 17, 2020, from
https://www.slideshare.net/denissanchawa/public-policy-an-introduction
Santiago, P. (2008). Tertiary education for the knowledge society. Paris: OECD. Retrieved 2020, from
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/
.
TEE,K. (2020, September 24). Political interference singled out as major obstacle in anti-corruption reform efforts during previous BN administration, World Bank reports. Malay Mail. Retrieved December 18, 2020, from
https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/09/24/political-interference-singled-out-as-major-obstacle-in-anti-corruption-ref/1906372
CARVALHO, M. (2020, April 26). ‘Red tape causing us to lose out’. The Star. Retrieved December 18, 2020, from
https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/04/26/red-tape-causing-us-to-lose-out
Govt agrees to set up 'MalaysiaMudah' initiative to cut red tape - Mustapa. (2020, July 21). Retrieved December 18, 2020, from
https://www.mida.gov.my/home/10754/news/govt-agrees-to-set-up--malaysiamudah--initiative-to-cut-red-tape-mustapa/
Kerap timbul isu peralihan kuasa hanya timbulkan ketidaktentuan. (2019, August 8). Utusan Borneo Online. Retrieved December 18, 2020, from
https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2019/08/08/kerap-timbul-isu-peralihan-kuasa-hanya-timbulkan-ketidaktentuan
7.6 PUBLIC POLICY MODELS
ELITE MODEL
RATIONAL MODEL
GROUP MODEL
INCREMENTAL MODEL
PROCESS MODEL
GAME-THEORY MODEL
INSTITUTIONAL MODEL
SYSTEM MODEL
7.5 PURPOSE OF PUBLIC POLICY :
ALLOWS THE PUBLIC TO MEASURE THE GOVERNMENT'S ACHIEVEMENTS.
DEMOCRACY IS BECOMING MORE VISIBLE AND THE OBJECTIVES OF DELIBERATION, CONSENSUS AND AWARENESS ARE BEING ACHIEVED.
CAPTURES THE GOVERNMENT'S INTENTIONS THAT THERE MAY BE GOVERNANCE WITHOUT A POLICY.
SEEK TO ACHIEVE AN OBJECTIVE WHICH IS CONSIDERED TO BE OF THE BEST INTEREST TO ALL MEMBERS OF SOCIETY.
ADVANTAGE
2) PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY.
3) ABLE TO ADDRESS PROBLEMS FACED BY THE PUBLIC AND BE ABLE TO MEET THE PUBLIC NEEDS
1) INCREASE DOMESTIC PRODUCTIVITY AND INCOME
