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1:1: Systems architecture - Coggle Diagram
1:1: Systems architecture
Cache
Small, temporary memory to hold frequently-used instructions which makes these instructions easier to access.
Faster than RAM.
CPU components
Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
Performs arithemtic and logic calculations.
Control unit (CU)
Receives instructions from clock signals.
Co-ordinates the flow of instructions/data in the system.
Cache
Von Neumann architecture
Memory address register (MAR)
Stores the memory address of the data that the CPU will fetch or
the address to which the data will be sent or stored.
Memory Data Register (MDR)
Sometimes called the Memory Buffer Register (MBR).
Holds the data found at the address on the MAR or data which
will be transferred to memory.
Program counter (PC)
As each instruction is fetched, the PC is incremented.
Accumulator
Acts as temporary storage for intermediate calculations.
Stores a program as instructions and executes these instructions.
Purpose of the Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Fetches, executes and decodes instructions and data.
Performs arithmetic, logic, inputs/outputs etc.
Factors affecting performance
Clock speed (GHz)
The number of pulses the clock in the CPU generates per second.
Number of cores
CPUS with multiple cores have more power to run more programs at the same time.
Cache size
The bigger the cache, the smaller amount of time the computer takes to access instructions/data.
Fetch, decode, execute cycle
Embedded systems
Cars
Washing machine/dishwasher
Burglar alarm
An embedded system is a computer system within another system that performs a dedicated function.