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Psychology of the education, Is, It consists of, Is, There are 4…
Psychology of the education
Introduction to Educational Psychology
Teaching: an art, a science and a lot of work
It is an art, since it requires the exercise of talent and creativity and it is a science, since it affects a repertoire of techniques, procedures and skills that can be systematically studied and described and, therefore, can be transmitted and improved.
The Role of Educational Psychology
It is primarily concerned with understanding teaching and learning processes and developing ways to improve these processes.
Characteristics of Educational Psychology
The empirical investigation of the facts by the pedagogues.
Components of a Prescriptive Approach to the Psycho. Educational
Description of the state of knowledge to be acquired.
Description of the initial state with which the student begins.
Specification of interventions that can help the student go from his initial state to the desired state.
Evaluation of specific and generalized learning outcomes.
Pedagogía Operativa
Jean Piage Principles
To represent an adequate notion of
learning, it is first necessary to explain how the subject proceeds to construct and invent, not simply how to repeat and copy.
Assimilation
Accommodation
Balance
It is the balance that is generated when data and mental structures correspond.
In this phase, it is the mental schemes that are restructured, and undergo a change due to the influence of the new information received.
Its function is to give meaning to the data perceived from the knowledge already acquired.
Principles of Instruction
Motivation principle
Structuring principle
States that learning can be increased
selecting teaching methods that are appropriate to the level of cognitive development and understanding of the person.
Sequencing principle
It states that the ordering of content influences the ease with which learning occurs.
Reinforcement principle
It affirms that the favorable response to a person affects their subsequent behaviors.
It states that learning depends on
predisposition or disposition of the person for learning.
Ausubell principles
Ausubell's theory is based on reception learning theory (significant learning).
The teacher prepares previous organizers that he presents to the students through the expository method: procedural semantic knowledge and a large number of examples are presented.
The students after this apply the knowledge in solving problems or recognize it in the examples (they operate in a deductive way).
Learn to Learn Theory
If you really want to learn to learn, you must learn to use memory, read, listen, write and, at least during student life, take exams, explore, test and experiment.
Motivation and Direction of the Classroom
Motivation
Something that energizes and directs behavior.
Behavioral Approach to Motivation
If we are constantly reinforced by certain behaviors, we can develop
habits or tendencies to act in a certain way; For example, if a student is repeatedly rewarded with affection, money, congratulations, or privileges for obtaining baseball titles; but you get little recognition for studying, you will likely work longer and harder to perfect your fastball than you would on understand geometry.
Humanistic Approach to Motivation
Personal freedom, choice, self-determination and the effort for personal development.
Cognitive Approach to Education
One of the central assumptions in cognitive approaches to motivation is that people not only respond to external situations or physical conditions such as hunger, they also respond to their perceptions of these situations.
Human development
Individual Differences
If you look at any one school group, you will notice a lot of individual differences. Even children of the same age differ greatly in appearance, abilities, temperament, interests, and attitudes - to name just a few. aspects.
Hereditary factors
To the grade where a certain characteristic is determined only by genetic aspects
Environmental factors
Many environmental factors, including family income, socioeconomic status, cultural group, education, and the mother's health during pregnancy, influence an individual's characteristics and capabilities, sometimes from before birth.
Personal, Social and Moral Development
Childhood: confidence vs. distrust
The child: autonomy vs. sorrow and doubts
Early childhood: initiative vs. guilt
Initiative adds to autonomy the quality of being able to plan and carry out a task, in order to remain active and aware of everything. If the child is not allowed to do some things on his own, it can create a feeling of guilt; you may come to think that everything you want to do is "bad."
Application vs. Inferiority
The child's ability to move in these worlds and to comply with school, group activities, and friends, gives him a feeling of fitness. Difficulties that you may have in the face of these challenges can give you a feeling of inferiority.
Adolescence: search for identity
Identity formation begins during the later school years. Like formal operations, identity formation can be a very long process for many people.
Privacy, Productivity and Integrity
Intimacy, in this sense, refers to the desire to relate deeply to
another person; Someone who has failed to develop a strong sense of identity is afraid of being
overwhelmed or absorbed by another person and may withdraw. Productivity increases people's ability to care for others and involves caring and guiding future generations. Productivity increases people's ability to care for others and involves caring and guiding future generations.
They must begin to assume some responsibilities for their own care,
like eating, going to the bathroom, or getting dressed. If parents do not maintain a firm and confident attitude and do not strengthen their children's efforts to achieve mastery of motor and cognitive skills, children may begin to feel ashamed or doubt their ability to handle the world on their terms.
During the first months of life, babies begin to find out if they can depend on the world around them. According to Erikson, the child develops a feeling of confidence if he needs food and care and finds them regularly.
Development Towards a General Definition
Physical development
Personal development
Social development
Cognitive development
Refers to thought changes
It refers to changes in the way an individual relates to others. and, as we have seen.
It is the term that is used to refer to the changes of the personality of a individual.
As you might suppose, it refers to changes in the body.
Is
It consists of
Is
There are 4 components that are:
According to Erikson, the 8 Ages of Man
It means
It consists of
Consists in
It is usually defined as
Highlights
Is
It consists of
According to Piaget
It consists of 3 Phases that are:
The procedure followed in the implementation of this theory in instruction is based on the following elements:
According to Guillermo Michel
It is characterized by having four principles
fundamental, related to:
Is