Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Newspapers - Coggle Diagram
Newspapers
Types of Journalism
Advocacy journalism: This type of journalism is typified by Oprah Winfrey, who advocates for people in need. Advocacy journalism maintains truth-telling standards of journalism, but is clearly focused on winning readers or watchers to a cause.
Precision journalism: This type of journalism popular today when people want statistics and scientific verification rather than just reporting on what people said. Precision journalism that looks for hard evidence to back its claims is made possible by the easy online research of today.
Literary journalism: Tom Wolfe and Truman Capote were early literary journalists who went beyond objectivity to add style or plot to their work. Literary journalism is considered art and focuses on giving larger meaning to the reporting through showing setting, personality, sense of place and history.
Consensus journalism, a form of journalism that supports the local consensus, is an integral part of small town papers. Larger metropolitan papers with broad readerships rely on conflict journalism, a form of journalism that looks for conflict and things that are wrong in society and reports on those.
Analytical reporting: pioneered by The Times in 1923. In uncertain times of 1930s, people were hungry to hear more than bare facts. Analytical reporting that gave some larger context and meaning to the facts became popular.
Changes to the Business
One result of the changing climate is mass consolidation as newspapers band together or sell out to larger companies to stay in business.
Online newspapers can print for a fraction of the cost of print papers, but the resulting revenues are smaller since it's hard to get people to pay much for online news and since advertising rates are lower on the internet. Journalism must evolve with the times, finding new and innovative ways to engage the public.
Newspaper reading went down with the advent of broadcast journalism. However, the rise of internet with its free online news resources has impacted newspapers far more significantly, and many newspapers struggle to stay afloat.
Impact of the Internet
While journalism has threatened newspaper income, it has also broadened a newspaper's reach. A story written about a local child and published online may quickly spread across the country and garner support from multiple sources.
While social media and personal blogs can never take the place of journalism, neither do they need to be viewed as a threat. People will always do what people do: "check in" with each other, sharing personal details and asking for personal details from others. Both journalism and public discourse--much of which happens online in today's world--have a valuable role in society. Neither cancels the need for the other.
Blogs offer personal perspectives on news and almost instant access to newsworthy events. The Drudge Report was the first to break the Clinton Lewinsky scandal. Blogging has both threatened and changed traditional journalism. Journalists of today feel pressured to publish breaking news almost immediately, with little analysis. Beatbloggers are professional journalists who publish their news beat on a blog and build their own following.
Newspaper History
Freedom of the press
James Franklin turned his early American newspaper over to brother Ben Franklin after the government censored his political articles and forbade him to publish anymore.
John Milton wrote a famous treatise, the Areopigatica, defending the importance of reason as manifested in uncensored print. The treatise influenced British government and governments following to allow more freedom of the press.
The Bill of Rights guaranteed free press in Unites States, but a sedition law passed by Congress limited criticism of the government. When Thomas Jefferson was elected President, he said he wanted to try an experiment to prove that a free press and orderly government could co-exist. There have been no more sedition laws since in the U.S.
-
Early history
-
Early forms of newspapers published in German anonymously for fear of government persecution. Soon spread through Europe.
-