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Protection of Civilians - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Shall be humany treated
        
        GC. IV
        
        Scope of applicability Art. 4
        
        Not nationals in the hands of occupying power
        
        Stateless persons
        
        Persons whose effective allegiance lies with the
        adverse belligerent
        
        Persons from neutral and third states without
        diplomatic protection
        
        Enemy civilians
        
        in need of protection
        
        1 more item...
        
        Exception
        
        Part II of GC
        IV
        
        all civilians on the territories of
        the belligerents
        
        General protection against consequences
        of war
        
        If state is not bound by the convention
        
        nationals are NOT protected
        
        Respect for their persons, honor, family rights etc.
        
        Common Article 3
        
        Art. 11 and 75 of AP.I
        
        Art. 2 and 4 of Protocol II
        
        Art 8 of the Rome Statute
      - Women
        
        especially protected (violence, rape)
      - treated with the same consideration
        
        without any
        adverse distinction based
      - Prohibition
        
        Pillage
        
        Collective penalties, etc
        
        Reprisals
        
        taking of hostages
- - - - Medical/humanitarian relief personnel/
        equipment
      - Religious personnel
        
        Rules of MP apply mutatis mutandis
        
        exclusively engaged in the work of their ministry
        
        attached to a party
      - Personnel/objects involved in peacekeeping
        mission
        
        Immunity from attacks
        
        treated as civilian
        
        Only applies to peacekeeping forces
        
        Work n in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations
        
        Excludes forces engaged in peace-enforcement operations
      - Journalists
        
        engaged in professional missions
        
        Immunity
        
        civilians
        
        No POV status
      - War correspondents
        
        No precise definition in IHL
        
        ill-defined category
        
        Accompany armed forces
        
        BUT not their memebers
        
        civilians
        
        BUT entitled to POV status
      - Emblems
      - Protected Zones
      - Cultural Property
      - Works/installations containing
        dangerous forces
      - Natural Environment
      - Medical Personnel
        
        Right to use distinctive emblems
        
        Protective emblems
        
        Effective:
        
        commonly accepted
        
        large and visible
        
        Not be improperly used
        
        Types
        
        General
        
        protection of medical/religiouse personnel
        
        Special
        
        protecting particular objects
        
        Just letters
        
        ‘heraldic’, emblems
        
        Especially assigned for treatments etc.
        
        assigned, by a party to the conflict
        
        Belong to a party to the conflict
        
        Military or civilian
        
        Duly recognized and authorized
        
        NOT medical personel
        
        Enjoy immunity from attacks
        
        no right to display
        the distinctive emblems
        
        Might wear other recognizable symbols
        
        obligations for belligerents
        
        Prohibition
        
        use of medical units to cover military objectives from attacks
        
        medical units shall not be located in danger zones
        
        MP may not be obliged
        
        provide information about the injured
        
        carry out acts contrary to deontology
        
        entry, transit and distribution of aid must be consent
        
        Acts harmful to the enemy
        
        engaged in training activities for combatants
        
        Psychologists involved in the design of interrogation techniques
        
        Acts not harmful to the enemy
        
        Carrying an individual light weapons
        
        In the custody of the unit by a picket, etc.
        
        The presence of combatants for medical reasons
        
        If unit contains ammunition collected from wounded, not delivered to service
      - Children
        
        IAC
        
        Art.77.1 AP. I
        
        special respect and shall be protected
        
        Art.77.2 AP. I
        
        Parties shall take all feasible measure
        
        children below 15 y.o.
        
        do not take a direct part in hostilities
        
        NIAC
        
        Art.4.3 AP. II
        
        shall be provided with the care and aid
        
        Art.4.3. c AP. II
        
        children below 15 y.o.
        
        shall neither be recruited in the armed forces
        
        or take direct part in hostilities
        
        IHL
        
        does not prohibit the participation