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Middle ear, Outer Ear, Inner Ear, OAEs, Acoustic reflex, Semicircular…
Middle ear
What can go wrong: When there is a middle ear pathology: mass, stiffness, and friction will change.
- Malformed or missing bones (ossicular discontinuity)
- Dampened vibration due to fluid build-up (otitis media)
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Made up of TOME
(Tympanic Membrane, Ossicles, Middle ear muscles, Eustachian Tube) 
Hearing loss type: Conductive - often temporary but can be permanent (ie otosclerosis requires stapedectomy), BC often normal but elevated AC thresholds), typically flat tymps.
Solution: measuring the impedance changes of the middle ear can help diagnose problems in the middle ear
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Outer Ear
Purpose: collects sound, helps localize sound, __
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Made up of: pinna, ear canal
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Made up of VOCS
(Vestibular apparatus, Oval window, Cochlea, Semicircular canal)
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Ossicles
impedance matching transformer that matches the high impedance of the fluid-filled cochlea to the low impedance of the air-filled ear canal. This impedance matching ability facilitates an effective efficient transfer of energy to inner ear.
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Tympanometry
Objective test of middle-ear function. It evaluates the condition of the TM and the ossciles by creating variations of air pressure in the ear canal, indicating how effectively sound is transmitted into the middle ear. What we're looking at with this test, is the flexibility (the compliance) of the TM to changing air pressures.
Otoscopy
to screen for illness during check ups and to investigate ear symptoms. Checks for redness, swelling, pus, and fluid. An otoscope gives a view of the ear canal and TM
ETD
Mild loss, flat audiometric configuration, normal static compliance, tymp C
Otosclerosis
Mild to moderately severe loss, flat or poorer in low F's for audiometric configuration, low static compliance, tymp A5
Otitis Media
Mild to moderately severe loss, flat audiometric configuration, normal-low static compliance, tymp B
TM Perforation
Mild loss, flat audiometric configuration, static compliance not testable, tymp not tesable
Ossicular Discontinuity
Moderate loss, flat audiometric configuration, high static compliance, tymp AD
Congenitial Disorders
Mild to moderately severe loss, audiometric configuration varies, static compliance varies, tymp varies
Serous effusion
Mild to moderate loss, flat or poorer in high F's, static compliance normal to low, tymp B
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Viral infection
Venereal disease
Systemic illness
Middle ear surgery
Prematurity
Otitis Media
Noise
Kidney infection
High fever
Head trauma
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involves a conductive and sensorineural component
patient has an established SNHL then ruptures their TM, resulting in a significant air-bone gap
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organ of corti - sensory epithelium that contains rows of auditory hair cells (the end organ of hearing)
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