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Skeletal System - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal System
Movements
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Horizontal flexion
Angle of bones decreases, through horizontal plane shoulder
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Circumduction
Circular movements, conical movement
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Spine
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Postural deviations
Neutral Spine Alignment
When the 3 natural curves of your spine, your cervical, thoracic and lumbar curves are intact
Kyphosis
This is a spinal disorder in which an excessive outward curve of the spine results in an abnormal back rounding of the upper neck. Sometimes known as 'roundback' or if it is severe 'hunchback'. Can occur at any age but common during adolescence.
Scoliosis
Sideways curvature of the spine. It occurs most often during the growth spurt just before puberty. it can be caused by conditions such as cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy.
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Joints
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Pivot joint
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The ends of the two bones meet one end being central bony cylinder, the other being a ring or ring like structure made of bone and ligament
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Saddle joint
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One of the bones forming the joint is shaped like a saddle with the other bone resting on it like a rider on a horse.
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Carpometacarpal, sternoclavicular
Condyloid joint
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Allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction
Part of the joint
Joint capsule
Composed of two or more layers of regular collagenous connective tissue forming a sleeve around the joint
The joint capsule, ligaments and tendons serve to stabilize the joint, distribute the biomechanical load on the joint and protect the joint by limiting its normal range of motion.
Bursa
Small fluid filled sac lined by synovial membrane with an inner capillary layer of viscous synovial fluid. Provides a cushion between bones and tendons
Reduces the friction caused by muscles and tendons moving against skin and bones, as well as to facilitate movement
Articular cartilage
Hyaline cartilage, 2-4 mm thick. Does not have blood vessels, nerves or lymphatics composed of a dense extra cellular matrix (ECM) with a sparse distribution of highly specialised cells called chondrytes.
To provide a smooth, lubricated surface for low friction articulation and to facilitate the transmission of loads to the underlying subchondral bone.
Synovial membrane
Soft tissue found between articular cartilage and the joint cavity. Often consists of two layers. The outer layer can be fibrous and fatty
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Synovial fluid
Essential for nutrition and lubrication of articular cartilage and tendons. Composed of plasma ultrafitrate diffuses in joint space
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Ligaments
Composed of dense fibrous bundles of collagenous fibres and spindle shaped cells known as fibrocytes sometimes includes a recess or pouch lined by synovial tissue
The strong connective tissue in the ligaments protects these structures and prevents them from bending, twisting or tearing. They help to maintain stability in the body.
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Types of bone
Long bones
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Femur, tibia, humerus, fibula
Short bones
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Ulna, radius, carpals, tarsals
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Bone growth
Osteoclasts
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Maintains, repairs and remodels bones
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Epiphyseal plate
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Chondrocytes make the Hyaline cartilage which calcifies which means the end of the bone is pushed up. IN adults it becomes the epiphyseal line
Diaphysis
Bone grows out from the diaphysis, which sits between the metaphysis and the epiphysis