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carbon and compound, (Properties of Covalent Bonds., – Covalently bonded…
carbon and compound
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It is a series of compounds in which the same functional group substitutes for hydrogen in a carbon chain.
For instance, the ALCOHOLS : OH, , ,
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The chemical properties are imparted by the functional group thus all members have similar chemical properties. But the members have different physical properties.
The physical properties vary among the members of homologous series due to difference in their molecular mass.
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Single Covalent Bond: Single covalent bond is formed because of sharing of two electrons,i.e one pair .Example : Hydrogen,Chlorine,Methane.
Double covalent bond: Double bond is formed by sharing of four electrons,i.e two pairs of electrons. Example : Oxygen molecule,Carbon Dioxide molecule.
Triple Covalent Bond: Triple covalent bond is formed because of the sharing of six electrons, three pairs of electrons. Example :Nitrogen,C2H2
Covalent Bond
The bond formed by sharing a pair of electrons between two atoms are known as Covalent Bond. Carbon forms covalent bond. Carbon exists in two forms- as free state and as combined state. Free form of carbon is found in graphite, diamond and fullerene. In combined state, carbon exists as Carbon-dioxide, Glucose, Sugar etc.
Diamond
Diamond exits as three-dimensional network with strong carbon-carbon covalent bonds. Diamond is hard in nature with high melting point. It shines in presence of light and it is a bad conductor of electricity. The most common use of diamond is in making jewellery. It is also used in cutting and drilling tools.
Graphite
Graphite is made from weak van der wall forces. Each carbon atom is bonded with other three carbon atoms in order to form hexagonal rings. It serves as good conductor of heat and electricity. It is used as dry lubricant for machine parts as well as it is used in lead pencils
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–comparatively weaker intermolecular forces, unlike ionic compounds.
– These molecules are generally poor conductor of electricity since no charged particles are formed.
Saturated Compounds : Saturated compounds are hydrocarbons in which hydrogen and carbon have single bonds. They are also known as Alkanes.
Unsaturated Compounds : hydrocarbons in which hydrogen and carbon have double or triple bonds. hydrocarbons with double covalent bonds are alkenes and those with triple covalent bonds are alkynes.
ALKEN
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