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DAT CH. 4 BIO - Coggle Diagram
DAT CH. 4 BIO
Chloroplast Anatomy
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thylakoid membrane
where light dependent rxns. occur, suspended in stroma
thylakoid lumen
interior of thylakoid, where H+ ions accumulate
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Leaf Anatomy
spongy mesophyll
where some photo. takes place, gaps facilitate gas movement through stomata.
paliside mesophyll
where most photo. takes place, contains many chloroplasts under upper epidermis
chloroplast
where both reactions of photosynthesis occur. dual membrane, make their own ATP and DNA. found in plants and photosynthetic algae.
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epidermis
protects plant from injury, infection and H2O loss.
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Photorespiration
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O2 binds Rubisco. forms g3p and phosphoglycerate. has to go through peroxisome and mitochondria, waste of energy. No glucose is made and lose 3 fixed carbons
C2 Photosynthesis, done in hot/dry conditions
stomata is closed, so no gas exchange. occurs in plant's stroma
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Alternative Pathways
CAM Photosynthesis
uses temporal isolation (prevents photorespiration through timing), open their stomata at night.
same as C4 except malate is stored in a vacuole not bundle sheath cells. stored malate is then converted back into OAA and then CO2 to begin Calvin Cycle
photosynthesis can still occur bc malate was stored in the vacuole and can happen during the day even if the stomata are closed.
C4 Photosynthesis
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avoids photorespiration through spatial isolation (CO2 is sent to a location where Rubisco will not compete w O2)
CO2 and PEP are catalyzed by PEP carboxylase to form oxaloacetate then malate. When malate is formed it goes into bundle sheath cells. Malate splits into Pyruvate and CO2.
CO2 starts Calvin Cycle. Pyruvate through ATP Hydrolysis can be converted to PEP and starts over C4 Cycle.
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