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:lower_left_paintbrush:The Italian Renaissance :lower_left_paintbrush: -…
:lower_left_paintbrush:The Italian Renaissance :lower_left_paintbrush:
The Humanist spirit created a new artistic style called
Renaissance
, which was originated in the small Italian cities
Artists could dedicate exclusively to creation because they were by
patrons
, who paid them for their work. These patrons included:
The
Sforza
in Milan
The
Popes of Rome
The
Medici
in Florence
It was called Reinassance because there was a
revival
of classical Greek and Roman cultures. This happened because of:
The arrival in Italy of
Greek scholars
The abundance of
Roman remains
in Italy
Painting and sculpture
New techniques and materials
In
painting
, ancient techniques were still used, such as
tempera
and
frescoes
. Howewver, the new
oil painting
technique was adopted
In the case of
sculpture
, expensive materials such as
marble
were used
frequently
. Reliefs were replaced by
three dimensional representations
New subjects
Portraits
Nature, landscapes and buildings
Themes related to
Christianity
and
mythological themes from Classical Antiquity
too
New interests
: The society's new interests were reflected by the artists. These were it's characteristics:
The human body
Italian painters and sculptors were interested in
human anatomy
. They also revived
nude
as a subject, which had been
abandoned
in the Middle Ages
The search for balance and proportion
Idealism and serenity
Painters tried to reflect reality, and at the same time they were influenced by the ideas of the Greek philosopher
Plato
Italian Renaissance painting and sculpture
The Gates of Paradise
,
Ghiberti
The School of Athens
,
Raphael
The Birth of Venus
,
Botticelli
Architecture
Italian Renaissance architecture
During the Renaissance,
civil architecture
became
more important
due to the
increased wealth
of the bourgeoisie. The best examples can be found in
Italian cities
. These are the main ones:
Hospitals
Theatres
Squares
Libraries
Town halls
Urban palaces
Rural villas
The Renaissance architects tried to achieve the
harmony
of classical architecture. To do this, they used:
Open, diaphanous spaces
Proportion
Simplicity
During the Renaissance, the following
Greek and Roman art features
were adopted:
Semi-circular arches
and
coffered ceilings
Triangular pediments, friezes, geometric designs and scrolls
Columns
Longitudinal and central-plan
Domes
Phases of Renaissance
There were various phases since its
beginning
in the
end of the Middle Ages
:
In the
Quattrocento
(15th century), new Renaissance innovations such as
harmony
and
proportion
appeared in
Florence
Most important
sculptors
:
Ghiberti
Donatello
Most important
painters
:
Fra Angelico
Botticelli
Masaccio
Most important
architects
:
Brunelleschi
Alberti
In the
Cinquecento
(16th century),
Rome
became the
artistic centre
.
Important
painters
:
Michelangelo
Raphael Sanzio
Leonardo da Vinci
Giorgione
Titian
In the
Trecento
(14th century), the
early features
of the Renaissance appeared. The first artist was
Glotto
In the
Mannerism
(beginning in
1530
in
Italy
), harmony and proportion were
abandoned
.
Most important
painters
of:
Florence:
Bronzino
Pontormo
Venice:
Tintoretto
Veronese
Most important
sculptors
:
Giambologna
Cellini
