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Tim Kelleher EXP 121 Route Planning & Navigation 2020, People, People,…

- - - - Follow ridge lines and avoid getting to close to cornices
      - Know what the main avalanche problems are before setting out.
      - Check online 3D maps, physical maps, and topo lines so that you know where the potential avalanche risk is highest
        
        The absolute most common angle for avalanches to occur is 36-38 degrees
        
        30 to 40 degrees is the main danger zone
        
        Avalanches can happen anywhere from 25 50 degrees
        
        Compare the dangerous aspects on the avalanche report with the aspect slopes that you intend to be on
      - Find a representative slope with lower consequences and dig a pit for stability tests before moving to high consequence, big, and steep slopes (the best skiing)
        
        Shovel shear test
        
        Shovel tilt test
        
        Extended column test
        
        Compression test
        
        Rutschblock test
    - - Know if your route will take you onto more dangerous glacial terrain
      - Be aware of where the crevasse field starts, and where you can stop and be safe while you rope up
  - - - pick a convenient route for your clients, you can challenge them but do not put them in danger for a "cool" trip (MK)
  - - - How many miles before rest/shelter (AM)
- - - - Used to keep track of how many paces have been taken BG
      - Usually has 10 beads on the rope BG
- - - - Wilderness areas often require them for backpacking
  - - - pick up pebbles or other small objects to keep track of longer counts (BK)
    - - have a turn around point/time BR
      - Maybe even a backup plan (ACK)
      - Have a backstop(BK)
      - Download maps before leaving (BK)
      - Give yourself enough time to run into problems RS
    - - Average is about 15 degrees for the ADK region
        
        Check map to see the year it was made (BK)
      - Add for going from map to land, subtract for going from land to map ZS
- - - - Find routes suitable for your specific clients (HS)
- - - - Grid system in metric laid out over the earth
  - - - Like UTM, uses a metric grid
      - unlike UTM, UPS covers the polar regions
- - - - Paper Maps (AM)
        
        Never Run out of Power (AM)
        
        Can write / take notes on it (AM)
        
        Store in waterproof/plastic baggie (AM)
        
        Could get wet/ruined (AM)
        
        Outdate quickly (AM)
      - Digital Maps (AM)
        
        Require power (AM)
        
        Require reception (AM)
        
        Potentially undermines navigation skills (AM)
      - Information on Topographic Map (AM)
        
        Relief - mountains, valleys, slopes, depressions as
        defined by contours (AM)
        
        Hydrography: lakes, rivers, streams, swamps,
        rapids, falls (AM)
        
        Vegetation: wooded areas (AM)
        
        Transportation: roads, trails, railways, bridges,
        airports/airfield, seaplane anchorages (AM)
        
        Culture: buildings, urban development, power
        transmission line, pipelines, towers (AM)
        
        Boundaries: international, provincial/territorial,
        administrative, recreational, geographical (AM)
        
        Toponymy: place names, water feature names,
        landform names, boundary names (AM)
  - - - May need to find an opening so it has a straight shot at the sky BG
  - - - All trails (ACK)
        
        Allows you to send update or emergency messages to predetermined contacts even with little service. RS
        
        Allows you to plot your route and notifies you if you become off of your planned route RS
        
        Download maps incase loss of service (HS)
      - FATMAP AJ
      - Mountain Project (ACK)
      - Apple and Google maps will always show you which way you're facing regardless of service BG
      - Gaia GPS (AW)
    - - Cell phones can die
      - Usually requires service
      - Can take pictures to remember certain features (HS)
  - - - Remember that just because someone sounds like they know what they're doing, doesn't mean that they do know what they're doing
      - Independently verify your beta
        
        Much more important with higher consequence activities
        
        Ask multiple people about your plan
        
        If multiple people say the same thing it's likely solid info
    - - Many of the people who work there spend the majority of their time in the backcountry and are very in tune with the necessary knowledge for planning trips
      - They will have the most up to date information about permits, closure, reported dangers, and other things to watch out for
      - Often will have maps and other helpful information for planning