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(10.) Beskriv hovedprinsippene bak- og forskjellene mellom de to metaforer…

- - - - learning is conceived as an acquisition of something
    - - seen as: basic units of knowledge that can be accumulated, gradually refined, and combine to form even richer cognitive structures
    - - seeing as: container to be filled with certain materials,
        and about the learner as becoming an owner of these materials
    - - seen as commodities that can be applied, transferred and shared with others
    - - passive reception of knowledge
      - knowledge is actively constructed by the learner
      - looked at ways in which concepts are transferred from a social to an individual plane and internalised by the students
      - learning seen as a never ending self regulating process of emergence in a continuing interaction with peers, teachers and texts
    - - the development of concepts
      - the acquisition of knowledge
  - - - seen as a person interested in participation in certain kinds of activities
        (rather than in accumulating private possessions)
    - - becoming a member of a certain community
        
        this entails:
        
        communicate in the language of this community act accordingly to its particular norms
        
        the learners: are newcomers and potential reformers of the practice
        
        the teachers: are the perseveres of its continuity
  - - - Goal of learning
        
        Individual enrichment //
        
        Community building
      - Learning
        
        Acquisition of smth //
        
        becoming a participant
      - Student
        
        Recipient (consumer), (re-)constructor //
        
        Peripheral participation, apprentice
      - Teacher
        
        Provider, facilitator, mentor //
        
        Expert participant, preserver of practice/discourse
      - Knowledge, concepts
        
        Property, possession, commodity //
        
        Aspect of practice/discourse/activity
      - Knowing
        
        Having, possessing //
        
        Belonging, participating, communicating