Tim Kelleher EXP 121 Leave No Trace / Impact Ethics2020

Cooking (MK)

do NOT put dishwater anywhere near water sources (MK)

plan ahead to leave as little impact as possible (MK)

use hot water instead of soaps to clean dishes until trip is over (MK)

portion control//cook only what you are going to eat (MK)

this prevents chucking leftovers or keeping food around the campsite (MK)

use a stove!! campfires leave ashes (MK)

become a human dishwasher for your dishes, clean them as much as you can (MK)

do not put stoves on grassy or other flammable areas, you do not want to burn down the woods for ramen (MK)

do not dump leftovers (MK)

try to drink gray water as much as possible (MK)

if you can't, then spread around, do not leave in concentrated form (MK)

you can throw gray water in a sump hole (6-8ft deep hole). (MK)

pack out everything that you brought in (MK)

utilize your cooking water!! (hot nalgene/ clean dishes/ hot chocolate/ soup) (MK)

General outdoor ethics ZS

Educate others BG

Emphasis on that, I've learned a lot from Brian alone this semester, everyone you meet is a resource. ZS

Educate yourself on the area you're operating in so you can interact with it properly ZS

Minimize waste production in the field and in your daily life while youre at it ZS

Make smart choices in regards to how you're going to interact with the environment you're operating in, its not just some thing you can stomp around in ZS

Participate in local conservation efforts ZS

make sure that your trekking pole is allowed in the location you're in. As some tips corrode the rocks (AW)

Clean your items if you go from one area to another BR

Educate yourself on possible invasive species BG

Foreign soil/vegetation can be bad for different landscapes

Clean boots, trekking poles, etc.

If there is a boot brush near the end of a trail, its there for a reason. Not cleaning clothing/gear can spread invasive species. ZS

Volunteer to help support and build trails. TK

Practice what you preach. ZS

if you love the outdoors, and want to continue being outdoors, practice LNT to try and conserve the places you love (AW)

Its very easy to lay out guidelines on how to respect the environment in a constructive way and still have fun, but following all those rules is a sizable task. ZS

No one is perfect and no one acts like a saint when outdoors 24/7, try your best and do what you can do be respectful and limit your impact. ZS

At a minimum, try to have as close to a neutral impact as you can on the environment around you when outside. Not all natural interactions will be a net positive. ZS

Be an example to others RS

Respect others (BK)

Respect structures. Lean-to's,privies, etc. ZS

Social Distancing BG

Have a mask on you incase you need to help someone who may be sick BG

Limit noise pollution (BK)

Don't blast your music, wear headphones (ACK)

if you do bring a speaker, make sure it is at a low respectable volume (AW)

If with a group, ask if they would like to listen to music prior to playing RS

Reduce chatting volume later at night RS

If you are going downhill, yield to the side for oncoming hikers (ACK)

Travel in smaller groups, not only to lessen your impact on the environment but also the local people (AW)

Preserve the traditional outdoor experience if in a populated camp ground. RS

Remember that everyone's experience is different. Challenge by choice in all experiences or activities on the trip. RS

Jobs that help protect the environment BG

Park Ranger (AW)

Conservation scientists BG

Geologist BG

Environmental Engineer BG

Environment protection technician (AW)

Teach other what you know about LNT TK

Explain to people why you care and why they should too

LNT is most effective when everyone follows

If they go on to teach someone else, More and more people will respect LNT

Respect wildlife (BK)

Stay at least 300 feet away from bears wolves and moose TK

Stay at least 75 feet away from most wildlife TK

Keep wildlife wild AJ

Do not mess with animals habitats BG

Do not feed the animals (ACK)

As it alters their natural foraging habits (AW)

Do not keep the animals BR

Do not eat the animals BG

Follow bear procedures RS

Hang poles are acceptable depending on the area TK

Bear canisters should be used anytime you are in the backcountry RS

Smellable items should be kept far away from camp RS

Food, Cosmetics, Sport Mixes, Canned Beverages, Trash and all cooking materials including fuel are considered smellables. RS

Follow the Bearmuda Triangle as much as possible RS

Leave what you find (BK)

Leave natural objects as you find them so others can experience it (ACK)

Minimize site alterations (ACK)

No rock towers AJ

No cairns or walls (AW)

Don't compromise, do your best to follow LNT every time that you are in nature TK

It's okay if you're not perfect, so long as you try hard every time

Try to keep your partners accountable and vice versa

Minimize campfire impacts (ACK)

Campfires improperly extinguished and abandoned with smoldering embers and coals are the number one cause of human caused wildfires on federal lands. (HS)

Removal of woody material larger than about 5‑10 cm in diameter may alter soil conditions (HS)

Do not burn trash (HS)

burn only burnable and non-toxic waste (not plastic) (AW)

Make sure to only use dead wood AJ

Never leave fire unattended (ACK)

Take note if campfires are allowed or not in the area you are camping in. Some areas only allow fires during certain times. TK

Thoroughly extinguish all fires (ACK)

Keep your fire to a reasonable size TK

Only make fire in designated areas AJ

Make sure all wood is burned AJ

Intense campfires can decrease organic matter content in soils to depths greater than/equal to 10 cm. (HS)

using wood for fires has devastated many mountain areas, so be mindful and follow as many LNT principles as you can (AW)

Be considerate about burning things in the Himalayas as smoke is used to purify (AW)

Travel AJ

Traveling by foot doesn't pollute the earth as much as vehicles do (HS)

Traveling by plane burns a lot of fossil fuels leading to a big impact in climate change AJ

Some flight companies have carbon offset programs where they plant trees to attempt to offset the pollution caused AJ

It is cheaper to travel by foot (HS)

Better for your body to walk(HS)

Recycling on trails is comes natural (HS)

Learn how to not waist things (HS)

Can't waste food (HS)

Can't waste water (HS)

Can't waste materials (HS)

Good for fertilization (HS)

You use less plastic (HS)

Plan Ahead

Don't put others at risk by trying something stupid TK

Read avalanche reports TK

A possible bag to put garbage in (HS)

Gain knowledge of the area you are going to (ACK)

Have a backup plan if things go wrong (ACK)

Know weather predictions (BK)

Better safe than sorry BG

Bring proper clothing/ Gear (BK)

Extra socks or something light for others members of your group just incase BG

Look at the wildfire risk before going out BG

Fire prevention gear in sensitive areas BG

Get to know the trails and difficulty of the terrain RS

Instead of using soap if you want to clean yourself and in warm conditions use sand to take a friction bath AJ

The most lightweight bathing option available BG

Don't bathe in reservoirs or drinking water, especially if using soap RS

Use proper waste disposal (BK)

deep pits are the most practical option for most expeditions (AW)

Wag bags if unable to dig cathole and no facility in the area AJ

Try and avoid using catholes if privy/toilet is in the area AJ

Soap (BK)

Human waste (BK)

Pack it out (BK)

Dig a cat hole (BK)

Further away from the campsite or trail the better (ACK)

6-8 in deep (BK)

Walk 200 ft from any water source (BK)

Avoid areas where water visibly flows, such as sandy washes, even if they are dry at the moment (ACK)

Waste Water (BK)

If you have to dump water after washing dishes make sure to do so at least 200 feet from any water source and disperse it AJ

Only use eco-friendly dish soap AJ

Drink your grey water BR

Dispose of human waste at least 200m away from any water source (AW)

Lime is required to sterilize the waste (AW)

planning is required for proper disposal of waste lower down the mountain (AW)

Travel on durable surfaces (BK)

Spread out when off trail to reduce impact and herd paths forming BR

Walk single file in groups, reduces trail wear BR

Stay off of private property (ACK)

Make sure to not help create erosion (ACK)

Step through muddy areas on the path, don't walk around them (ACK)

Keep on the trail AJ

Heed warning signs BG

never cut corners (AW)

Understand the impacts of human land use TK

Know exactly why it is that LNT is so important

If you understand the foundation, you're much more likely to follow the guidelines

Campsite Impacts BR :

Try to use areas designated for camping

Keeps damage to one area

Reduces your impact

Camp on Durable surfaces

Sand

Rocks

Snow TK

Gravel

These surfaces won't sustain as much to no damage from use

Camp 200 feet from water sources

Avoid camping in places where un authorized sites are just beginning

Deters others from seeing use

If you have to disperse your camps to avoid obvious impacts

If using a hammock, use tree savers... it saves the trees BG

Don't set up camp above 3500 feet unless it's in a designated area AJ

Before leaving any area you camped make sure to do an idiot check for possible things you left behind AJ

You or someone probably forgot something. Check it, don't be lazy. No one is perfect. ZS

choose a location that conceals your presence from the sight of others (AW)

When using dispersed camping areas try to camp in areas that have already been used TK

“Wilderness management is 80-90 percent education and information and 10 percent regulation.”
Max Peterson, former Chief of the U.S. Forest Service, 1985. (AM)

The goal of the U.S. Leave No Trace educational program is to avoid or minimize impacts to natural
area resources and help ensure a positive recreational experience for all visitors (AM)

NTL Program Conception and Early Development (AM) https://lnt.org/sites/default/files/Leave_No_Trace_History_Paper.pdf

Increases in outdoor recreation occurred in the
1960’s when hiking, camping and backpacking first became popular. Use of National Forest primitive areas and wilderness tripled during the 1960’s. In 1924, there were 4.6 million recreation visitors to US Forest lands, compared to 900 million in 1999. Similar increases were seen at National Park Service areas as well. These increases led to degradation of trails and campsites. (AM)

1960's &70's federal agencies developed brochures to encourage low impact hiking and camping practices (AM)

Wilderness Manners (AM)

Wilderness Ethics (AM)

Minimum Impact Camping (AM)

No-trace Camping (AM)

In 1970's several books were written about ethics and and minimum impact camping practices: The Wilderness Handbook;;Walking Softly in the Wilderness;
Backwoods Ethics: Environmental Concerns for Hikers and Campers; Soft Paths
These books discussed the advantages of low-impact camping and provided "how to" advice on travel and camping practices that would help campers lessen their impact (AM)

In 1979, Jim Bradley, a USFS specialist wrote about the need for an educational approach to managing recreation impacts. He believed that a purely regulatory approach would be ineffective:
1 - regulations antagonize the public as opposed to win their support.
2 - most impacts are not from malicious acts, rather they result from an insensitivity and ignorance regarding the consequences of their actions, nor did they have knowledge regarding low impact practices.
3 - enforcement of regulation would be difficult. (AM)

"Education...is a preemptive strike...to teach the American people how to enjoy the wilderness without destroying it. All other methods merely try to repair the damage after it is done. Stronger wilderness education programs would dramatically decrease the need for law enforcement and cleanup." James Bradley (AM)

In 1990, the National Outdoor Leadership School, developed a hands-on minimum impact training. In the same year, the US Forest Service formalized a partnership with NOLS to develop a written LNT educational curriculum for
wildland visitors (AM)

NOLS’ involvement in the LNT program marked the beginning of the partnership model that continues to the present day.(AM)

NOLS was instrumental in working with the USFS to make the program science-based by collecting relevant scientific literature and consulting with scientists in the review and development of low impact hiking and camping skills. (AM)

NOLS also developed the ethics and
experiential training aspects of the LNT program (AM)

People

Audri Walworth (AW)

Haley Steffey HS

Amy Macaluso

Zachary Smith

Andrew Jarvis AJ

Michaela Kruger (MK)

Amelia Carter-Kelly (ACK)

Ryan Szuch RS

Ben Rosenberg BR

Ben Koblensky (BK)

Brian Graf BG

Tim Kelleher

Steve

We all love to be in the wilderness, and I would assume that everyone wants to continue doing that for a long time to come. But things remaining as they are is not a foregone conclusion. If we fail to take care of the wild areas around us, then they will not be around forever. We need to follow and teach sustainable practices to everyone around us, and anyone who enjoys the outdoors. Be mindful of what is around you, and recognize that it can be fragile under our thousands of boots.