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PROPERTIES OF WAVES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - two different patterns
        
        straight
        
        circular
        
        The ripples are produced by something vibrating and pushing water molecules up and down vertically; each molecule drags its neighbours up and down, so the ripples move out horizontally.
        
        Representation of waves
        
        wavelenght (λ) => the distance from one crest to the next. It is measured in metres, m
        
        amplitude (A) => the maximum distance that the surface of the water is displaced from its undisturbed level (the height of a crest). It is measured in metres, m
        
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- - - - but also
        
        speed v (m/s) = wavelenght λ (m) / period T (s)
        
        How to calculate the speed at which waves travel
        
        SPEED, FREQUENCY AND WAVELENGHT
- - - - The tops of the ripples are called wavefronts. The separation between them is equal to the wavelenght of the ripples.
        
        Refraction of ripples
        
        When a glass plate is immersed in the water, it makes the water shallower in that part of the tank. There the ripples move more slowly because the drag on the bottom of the tank. They lag behing the ripples in the deeper water.
        
        Diffraction
        
        Waves are diffracted when they pass through a gap or around the edge of an obstacle. The effect is biggest when the width of the gap is equal to the wavelenght of the ripples.
        
        As the ripples arrive at the gap in the barrier, the water at the edge of the gap moves up and down. This sets off new circular ripples, which spread out behind the barrier.
        
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