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Topic 11 Islam and the West, At age 25 he married to a wealthy widow,…
Topic 11 Islam and the West
Arabia and Origins of Islam
The founder of Islam was Muhammad. He was born in Arabia (year 570 or 571) where there were few inhabitants, and all of them spoke Arab.
The main city was Mecca
Well of ZamZam and Kaaba, were worshiped as Gods
People were polytheistic
Muhammad's life
In the year 570, Muhammad was born orphan in the city of Mecca, Arabian Peninsula.
He was raised by his uncle Abu Talib, who took him on his trips as a merchant.
The polytheism was a mistake. There was only one God (Allah) to be worshiped.
SPREAD OF ISLAM
He took possession of Medina, and imposed his power and the Islamic doctrine, through attacks on caravans and nearby villages.
In 630., the sanctuary Kaaba was immediately consecrated to Allah
Pilgrimage from Medina to Mecca, which has served as a model that every Muslim must perform once in his life
When Mohammed died in 632, Islam ruled Arabia
The father-in-law of the prophet, Abu Bakr, was the first caliph or successor
KORAN
The Islamic theology was written in the Koran, the book that collects statements of Muhammad that are inspired by Allah, collected around the year 650.
CLASSIC ISLAM
It is the period of nine centuries of cultural, religious and military expansion of the Islamic civilization.
It begins with the apogee of the Ottoman Empire (taking off Constantinople, 1453), and ends with the fall of Granada, 1492 when the Muslim presence in Spain ends.
The provinces were governed by the emirs, always appointed by the caliph, who also appointed the cadis or judges. The Arabic language spread rapidly throughout the conquered areas, as well as its currency, the dinar.
A debt with Islam The debt is in terms of science and culture. For example:
The Arabs translated texts and thus arrived in Europe to the medieval world.
The propagation and improvement of decimal arithmetic, a requirement for the subsequent development of other sciences.
The invention of Algebra.
The induction of the experimental method in the sciences.
A series of techniques in chemistry, physics, mining, metallurgy, architecture and many other applied sciences.
At age 25 he married to a wealthy widow, Jadicha, with whom he had a comfortable life.
