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Functionally Graded Structures - Coggle Diagram
Functionally Graded Structures
Graded Nano-structured Materials
X. Li, L. Lu, J. Li, X. Zhang, and H. Gao, “Mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of gradient nanostructured metals and alloys,”.
Crystal Deformation
Dislocations
Point Defects, Stacking Faults, Twins and Grain Boundaries
Vacancies
Abromeit, Wollenberger. "Vacancies and intersatials in metals and alloys, materials science forum
Smallman, Harris. "Vacancies"
Add. References
Christian. the Theory of transformations in metals and metal alloys
Twinning
Cristian, Mahajan. "Deformation Twinning"
Atomic Deffects
Peterson, Siegel. "Properties of atomic defects in metals"
Interfaces
Sutton, Balluffi. "Interfaces in Crystalline Materials"
Grain Boundaries
Christian, Deformation by moving interfaces
Crhistian, Crocker. Dislocations and lattice transformations. in Nabarro "Dislocations in Solids"
Demkowicz Interfaces between crystalline solids.
Defects at surfaces of Interfaces
Stacking
Eshelby, Frank, Nabarro. The equilibrium of linear arrays of dislocations.
Additional References
Friedel. Dislocations
Nabarro. "The theory of crystal dislocations"
Read. "Dislocations in Crystals"
Seeger. "Plasticity of crystals"
Veysièrre. Sidlocations and the plasticity of crstals
Weertman, Weertman. Elementary dislocation theory
Hirth, Lothe. "Theory of Dislocations"
Lardner. Mathematical theory of dislocations and fracture.
Mutra. "Micromechanics of defects in solids".
Ashby, Johnson. On the generation of dislocations at misfitting particles in a ductile matrix.
Nabarro, et. al. "Dislocations in Solids" Vol. 1-16 (Reference source)
Strengthening Mechanisms
Argon. "Strengthening Mechanism in Crystal Plasticity"
Bulatov. et. al. "Dislocation multi-junctions and strain hardening".
Madec, Devincre, Kubin. "The role of collinear interaction in dislocation-induced hardening".
Plastic flow
Cottrell. Dislocations and plastic flow in crystals.
Elastic Properties
Steeds. "Anisotroptic elasticity theory of Dislocations"
Bacon, Barnett, Scattergood. Anisotropic continiuum theory of lattice defects.
Teodosiu. "Elastic models of crystal defects
Timoshenko, Foodier. Theory of Elasticity
Materials
Ceramics
Stainless Steels
Austenitic
Ferritic
Martensitic
Duplex
SuperDuplex
Structural Steels
Nickel-Base Alloys
Solid-Solution Strengthened
Precipitation Strengthened
Speciality Alloys
Pure Nickel
Crack Propagation
Anlitical Models of Fracture Analysis
Fourier Transform Techniques [23-26]
[23]
Plane elasticity problem for a crack in a functionally graded strip by arbitrarily varying the elastic modulus. The fracture toughness of materials can be improved by graded variation of the elastic modulus.
[24]
Study the crack problem by varying the shear modulus as a power law function.
[25]
Vary the shear modulus linearly to study the transient elastodynamic problem of crack-tip propagation in FGM's
CHECK CONCLUSIONS
[26]
Interface crack problem of a sandwiched functionally graded strip. The stress intensity factor and energy release rates were calculated and compared with published results.
[27]
Integral transform equation methods to study the problem of cracks crossing the interface and found that the stress intensity factors reaching maximum values as crack tips approach the interface.
[28]
Multi-layered model for FGMs under plane-stress condition with arbitrarily varying material properties
[29]
Multi-layer model of FGM under plane deformation conditions with arbitrarily varying elastic properties of coatings
[30]
Complex variable conversion to solve governing second order degree partial differential equations to obtain the crack-tip field solution for an anti-place (mode III) crack
[31]
Asymptotic analysis by replacing the engineering constants with the effective stiffness and orthotropic stiffness ratio to obtain the crack-tip stress field for mode I crack in an orthotropic FGM
[32]
Concurrent Multi-scale model to study the crack in a two-phase particle matrix functionally graded composite
[33]
Piecewise-exponential model to study the crack problem of FGM with arbitrary properties
[34]
Interaction of two collinear cracks in FGM under uniform anti-plane shear leoading
[35]
Local approach to estimate the direction of crack propagation
[36]
Equivalent eigenstrains to study the two diametrically-opposed edge cracks initiating from the inner surface of a thick-walled cylinder to evaluate the Stress Intensity Factors
[37]
Boundary integral equation methods to study the antiplane crack in a FGM to evaluate Stress Intensity Factors
[38]
Boundary Element method to study the Stress Intensity Factors for cracks perpendicular to graded interfacial zone
[39]
Study elliptical cracks parallel to graded interfacial zone of bonded bi-materials
[40]
Evaluate T-stress and R-curve on fracture behavior of FGM under mode-I loading.
[42]
Optical caustics on crack tip evolution to obtain the stress intensity factor
[43]
Beam theory to study the energy release rate for interlaminar cracks in a graded laminate beam. Energy release rate is sensitive to both strength and type of graduation
[44]
Evaluated the strength of FGMs and used M-integral and direct differentiation approaches to calculate the first order derivatives of the stress intensity factors
[47]
Weibull statistics to estimate the fracture toughness and average fracture initiation angle under mixed mode loading.
Dynamic Fracture Mechanics
[50]
High Speed fontography to experimentally study the dynamic crack initiation and propagation in FGM and used FEM in comparison
[51]
Mechanical model for the problem of two collinear cracks on two sides of a weak-discontinuous interface of bi-FGM. The variation of dynamic stress intensity factors with respect to thickness of the FGM's on the two sides are obtained using singular integral equations.
[52]
Fourier transform and singular integral equations to study the dynamic fracture behavior of crack in sandwiched functionally graded strip.
[53]
Fourier Transform and dual integral equations to study the effect of the material properties on the dynamic stress intensity factor for a crack in an orthotropic medium.
[55]
Fourier Transform, Laplace transform and dislocation density functions and singular integral equations to study the effect of the gradient of the rigidity modulus on the peak value of the dynamic stress intensity factor; for a thin strip increase in the width and a reduction in maximum value of dynamic SIF were observed.
Laplace and Fourier Integral transformations
[56]
Laplace and Fourier Integral transformations to study the influence of Young's Modulus ratio and crack length and location on the dynamic stress intensity factors.
[57]
Study of Mode I and Mode II crack behavior
[58]
Study crack in a sandwiched FGM layer
[60]
Schmidt method and dual integral equations to study the crack propagation to study the crack propagation in orthotropic medium.
[61]
Schmidt method and Fourier transformation to study the crack behavior under harmonic stress wave.
[62]
Integral transformations to study the dynamic response of a mode III crack.
[63]
Multilayered model to study the dynamic fracture behavior of a crack in a graded interface under anti-plane loading.
[64]
Optical Interferometry to study the effect of material properties on the crack initiations under dynamic loading conditions
[65]
Fourier and Laplace Integral equations for an elastodynamic analyis of crack in an interfacial zone
[66]
Fourier transformations and singular integral equations to study the dynamic fracture behavior of FGMs with varying properties under elastic deformation conditions
Finite Element Models
Fracture Analysis Under Externally Applied Loads
Micromechanical Models
Analysis of Mixed-Mode Cracks
Fracture Analysis of Piezoelectric Materals
Elastic-Plastic Crack Growth Analysis
Manufacturing