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EC2, HPC on AWS, Encrypted Root Device Volume, CloudWatch101, Spot…

- - - - Snowball, Snowmobile (terabytes/petabytes worth of data)
      - AWS DataSync to store on S3, EFS, FSx
      - Direct Connect
        
        Is a cloud service solution that makes it easy to establish a dedicated network connection from your premises to AWS.
        
        Using AWS Direct Connect you can establish private connectivity between AWS and your data center, office, or colocation environment- which, in many cases, can reduce your network costs, increase bandwidth throughput, and provide a more consistent network experience than internet-based connections
  - - - EC2 instances that are GPU or CPU optimized
      - Enhanced networking
      - EC2 fleets (Spot Instances or Spot Fleets)
      - Elastic Network Adapters
      - Placement groups (cluster placement groups)
      - Elastic Fabric Adapters
- - - - scale up to 64000 IOPS with Provisioned IOPS (PIOPS)
    - - Scale to millions of IOPS; low latency
  - - - Distributed object-based storage; not a file system
    - - Scale IOPS based on total size, or use Provisioned IOPS
    - - HPC-optimized distributed file system; millions of IOPs, which is also backed by S3
- - - - To use Spot Instances,you must first decide on you maximum Spot price. The instance will be provisioned so long as the Spot price is BELOW your maximum Spot price
      - The hourly Spot price varies depending on capacity and region
      - If the Spot price goes above your maximum, you have two minutes to choose whether to stop or terminate your instance
  - - - Big data and analytics
      - Containerized workloads
      - CI/CD and testing
      - Web services
      - Image and media rendering
      - High-performance computing
  - - - Persistent workloads
      - Critical jobs
      - Databases
- - - - For when you need speeds between 10Gbps and 100Gbps. Anywhere you need reliable, high throughput
  - - - For when you need to accelerate High Performance Computing (HPC) and machine learning applications or if you need to do an OS by-pass. If you see a scenario question mentioning HPC or ML and asking what network adaptor you want, choose EFA
- - - - Depending on your instance type, enhanced networking can be enabled using
        
        Elastic Network Adapter (ENA) which supports network speeds of up to 100 Gbps for supported instance types
        
        Intel 82599 Virtual Function (VF) which support network speeds of up to 10 Gbps for supported instance types.
        This is typically used on older instances
        
        In any scenario question, you probably want to choose ENA over VF if given the option
- - - - Scenarios for Network Interfaces
        
        Create a management network
        
        Use network and security appliances in your VPC
        
        Create dual-homed instances with work leads/roles on distinct subnets
        
        Create a low-budget, high-availability solution
    - - It allows
        
        A primary private APv4 address from the APv4 address range of your VPC
        
        One or more secondary private IPv4 addresses from the IPv4 address range of your VPC
        
        One Elastic IP address (IPv4) per private IPv4 address
        
        One public IPv4 address
        
        One or more IPv6 addressess
        
        One or more security groups
        
        A MAC address
        
        A source/destination check flag
        
        A description
- - - - :zap:
        
        F1
        
        :zap:
        
        Specialty
        
        Field Programmable Gate Array
        
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        Use case
        
        Genomics research, financial analytics, real-time video processing, big data etc
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        I3
        
        :zap:
        
        Specialty
        
        High Speed Storage
        
        :zap:
        
        Use case
        
        NoSQL DBs, Data Warehousing etc
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        G3
        
        :zap:
        
        Specialty
        
        Graphics Intensive
        
        :zap:
        
        Use case
        
        Video Encoding/ 3D Application Streaming
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        H1
        
        :zap:
        
        Specialty
        
        High Disk Throughput
        
        :zap:
        
        Use case
        
        Map Reduce-based workloads, distributed file system such as HDFS and MapR-FS
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        T3
        
        :zap:
        
        Specialty
        
        Lowest Cost, General Purpose
        
        :zap:
        
        Use case
        
        Web Servers/ Small DBs
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        D2
        
        :zap:
        
        Specialty
        
        Dense Storage
        
        :zap:
        
        Use case
        
        File servers/Data Warehousing/Hadoop
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        R5
        
        :zap:
        
        Specialty
        
        Memory Optimized
        
        :zap:
        
        Use case
        
        Memory Intensive Apps/DBs
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        M5
        
        :zap:
        
        Specialty
        
        General Purpose
        
        :zap:
        
        Use case
        
        Application Servers
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        C5
        
        :zap:
        
        Specialty
        
        Compute Optimized
        
        :zap:
        
        Use case
        
        CPU Intensive Apps/DBs
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        P3
        
        :zap:
        
        Specialty
        
        Graphics/ General Purpose GPU
        
        :zap:
        
        Use case
        
        Machine Learning, Bit Coin Mining
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        X1
        
        :zap:
        
        Specialty
        
        Memory Optimized
        
        :zap:
        
        Use case
        
        SAP HANA/Apache Spark etc
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        Z1D
        
        :zap:
        
        Specialty
        
        High compute capacity and a high memory footprint
        
        :zap:
        
        Use case
        
        Ideal for electronic design automation (EDA) and certain relational database workloads with high per-core licensing costs
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        A1
        
        :zap:
        
        Specialty
        
        ARM based workloads
        
        :zap:
        
        Use case
        
        Scale out workloads such as web servers
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        U-6tb1
        
        :zap:
        
        Specialty
        
        Bare Metal
        
        :zap:
        
        Use case
        
        Bare metal capabilities that eliminate virtualization overhead
  - - - F
        
        For FPGA
      - I
        
        for IOPS
      - G
        
        Graphics
      - H
        
        High Disk Throughput
      - T
        
        Cheap general purpose (think T2 Micro)
      - D
        
        For Density
      - R
        
        For RAM
      - M
        
        Main choice for general purpose apps
      - C
        
        For Compute
      - P
        
        Graphics
      - X
        
        Extreme Memory
      - Z
        
        Extreme Memory and CPU
      - A
        
        ARM based workloads
      - U
        
        Bare Metal
- - - - On Demand
        
        :zap:
        
        Allows you to pay a fixed rate by the hour (or by the second) with no commitment
        
        :zap:
        
        On demand pricing is useful for
        
        Users that want the low cost and flexibility of Amazon EC2 without any up-front payment or long-term commitment
        
        Applications with short term, spiky, or unpredictable work loads that cannot be interrupted
        
        Applications being developed or tested on Amazon EC2 the first time
    - - Reserved
        
        :zap:
        
        Provides you with a capacity reservation, and offer a significant discount on the hourly charge for an instance. Contract Terms are 1 Year or 3 Year Terms
        
        :zap:
        
        is useful for
        
        Applications with steady state or predictable usage
        
        Applications that require reserved capacity
        
        Users able to make upfront payments to reduce their total computing costs even further
        
        :zap:
        
        Types
        
        :zap:
        
        Standard Reserved instances
        
        These offer up to 75% off on demand instances. The more you pay up front the longer the contract. the greater the discount
        
        :zap:
        
        Convertible Reserved Instances
        
        These offer up to 54% on demand capability to change the attributes of the RI as long as the exchange results in the creation of Reserved Instance of equal or greater value
        
        :zap:
        
        Scheduled Reserved Instances
        
        These are available to launch within the time windows you reserve. This option allows you match your capacity reservation to a predictable recurring schedule that only requires a fraction of a day, a week, or a month
    - - Spot
        
        :zap:
        
        Enables you to bid whatever price you want for instance capacity, providing for even greater savings if your applications have flexible start an end times
        
        :zap:
        
        is useful for
        
        Applications that have flexible start and end times
        
        Applications that are only feasible at very low compute prices
        
        Users with urgent computing needs for large amounts of additional capacity
    - - Dedicated Host
        
        :zap:
        
        is useful for
        
        Useful for regulatory requirements that may not support multi-tenant virtualization
        
        Great for licensing which does not support multi-tenancy or cloud deployments
        
        Can be purchased On-Demand (hourly)
        
        Can be purchased as Reservation for up to 70% off the On-Demand price
        
        :zap:
        
        Physical EC2 server dedicated for your use. Dedicated Hosts can help you reduce costs by allowing you to use your existing server-bound software licenses
- - - - Instance Store (EPHEMERAL STORAGE)
      - EBS Backed Volumes
- - - - The root device for an instance launched from the AMI is an instance store volume created from a template stored in Amazon S3
  - - - The root device for an instance launched from the AMI is an Amazon EBS volume created from an Amazon EBS snapshot
- - - - A managed Windows Server that runs Windows Server Message Block (SMB)-based file services
      - Designed for Windows and Windows applications
      - Supports AD users, access control lists, groups and security policies, along with Distributed File System (DFS) namespaces and replication
    - - A managed NAS filter for EC2 instances based on Network File System (NFS) version 4
      - One of the first network file sharing protocols native to Unix and Linux
- - - - Designed specifically for fast processing of workloads such as machine learning, high performance computing (HPC), video, processing, financial modeling, and electronic design automation (EDA)
      - Lets you launch and run a file system that provides sub-millisecond access to your data and allows you to read and write data at speeds of up to hundreds of gigabytes per second of throughput and million of IOPS
    - - A managed NAS filter for EC2 instances based on Network File System (NFS) version 4
      - One of the first network file sharing protocols native to Unix and Linux
- - - - :zap:
        
        Description
        
        General purpose SSD volume that balances price and performance for a wide variety of transactional workloads
      - :zap:
        
        Use Cases
        
        Most Work Loads
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        API Name
        
        gp2
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        Volume Size
        
        1 GiB - 16 TiB
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        Max. IOPS**/ Volume
        
        16 000
  - - - :zap:
        
        Description
        
        Highest-performance SSD volume designed for mission-critical application
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        Use Cases
        
        Databases
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        API Name
        
        io1
      - :zap:
        
        Volume Size
        
        4 GiB - 16 TiB
      - :zap:
        
        Max. IOPS**/ Volume
        
        64 000
  - - - :zap:
        
        Description
        
        Low cost HDD volume designed for frequently accessed, throughput intensive workloads
      - :zap:
        
        Use Cases
        
        Big Data & Data Warehouse
      - :zap:
        
        API Name
        
        st1
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        Volume Size
        
        500GiB - 16 TiB
      - :zap:
        
        Max. IOPS**/ Volume
        
        500
  - - - :zap:
        
        Description
        
        Previous generation HDD
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        Use Cases
        
        Workloads where data is infrequently accessed
      - :zap:
        
        API Name
        
        Standard
      - :zap:
        
        Volume Size
        
        1GiB - 16TiB
      - :zap:
        
        Max. IOPS**/ Volume
        
        40-200
  - - - :zap:
        
        Description
        
        Lowest code HDD volume designed for less frequently accessed workloads
      - :zap:
        
        Use Cases
        
        File Servers
      - :zap:
        
        API Name
        
        sc1
      - :zap:
        
        Volume Size
        
        500GiB - 16 TiB
      - :zap:
        
        Max. IOPS**/ Volume
        
        250