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Traumatic Stress - Coggle Diagram
Traumatic Stress
Physical Abuse
by Anna Seilanova
Behavioral Warning Signs
Higher Risk to Offend
Youth characteristics that increase risk include:
◦ Exhibits sexualized behavior
◦ Uses sexually explicit language
◦ Taunts or harasses other youth
◦ Displays anger or aggression
◦ Violates others’ boundaries
◦ Avoids supervision
◦ Dominates other youth
◦ Youths with clinical disorders
Higher Risk of Victimization
Seen as “different” from others:
◦ Smaller and/or bigger in size or height
◦ Lonely, quiet, or shy ◦ With a physical, developmental, or intellectual disability
◦ Inadequate in sports or other recreational activities ◦ Treated differently by adults
◦ Considered an outsider by peers
Warning Symptomps
Sudden changes in behaviour
Sudden reluctance of refusal
to participate or engage
Avoiding other youth
Clinging to adults, seeking constant supervision
Significant decline in
performance
. Unexplained injuries
Reluctance or refusal of
routine activities
Servitude
◦ Does chores for other participant ◦ Gets water ◦ Gives snack to peer ◦ Gives possessions to peer
Sudden dissatisfaction with a program or placement
◦ Begs adult not to make child attend ◦ Begs not to return somewhere ◦ Adult calls to complain
Appearing to be frightened of a specific individual
Being watchful, as if expecting something unpleasant to happen
Strategies
Training
Training all governors, the senior leadership team, and staff on the nature, prevalence and effect of peer-on-peer abuse, and how to prevent, identify, and respond to it.
Education
Educating children about peer-on-peer abuse, positive, responsible and safe use of social media, about what to do if they witness or experience such abuse, the effect that it can have on those who experience it and the possible reasons for it.
Community
Working with all staff, students and parents to address equality issues, to promote positive values, and to encourage a culture of tolerance and respect amongst all members of the School community
Response
Responding to cases of peer-on-peer abuse promptly and appropriately
Environment
Developing trusting relationships with students, providing students with a sense of belonging in which students feel able to share their concerns openly, in which violence and abuse are never acceptable
This video discusses the importance of trauma-informed schools and the goal of transforming education systems to become more attuned and responsive to the needs of children with trauma histories.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TxL5Jw0TcDY
References:
Cynthia Crosson-Tower. The Role of Educators in Preventing and Responding to Child Abuse and Neglect, 2003. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families. Retrieved from:
https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubPDFs/educator.pdf
Peer on Peer Abuse, Briefing February 2017, Tri.x Signis Group. Retrieved from:
https://rawmarsh.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Peer-on-Peer-Abuse-Guidance.pdf
David Smellie, Adele Eastman, Dr. Carlene Firmin. Peer-on-peer abuse toolkit, 2019. Farrer & Co. Retrieved from:
https://www.farrer.co.uk/globalassets/clients-and-sectors/safeguarding/farrer--co-safeguarding-peer-on-peer-abuse-toolkit-2019.pdf
S. Salzinger, R.S. Feldman, M. Hammer, M. Rosario. The effects of physical abuse on children's social relationships. New York State Psychiatric Institute. Retrieved from:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8436027/
This video talks about what are positive peer relationships, how to make them even better using three different strategies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5kleVviMrKA