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Intracranial Regulation: Hemorrhagic CVA - Coggle Diagram
Intracranial Regulation: Hemorrhagic CVA
Pathophysiology
Causative event starts an intracerebral hemorrhage typically while the person is active
Intracranial Aneurysm
A dilation of cerebral artery walls as the wall weakens, leading to a lesion. Often at bifurcations of large arteries in the circle of Willis
Arteriovenous Malformation
An embryonal development abnormality leads to a lack of a capillary bed. Absence of capillary bed lead to dilated arteries and veins that eventually rupture. Most common hemorrhagic stroke for younger people
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Rupture in a cerebral blood vessel, numerous risk factors for this often HTN
Intracranial pressure increases as blood fills subarachnoid space (focal hematoma and edema)
Edema develops, compressing the brain and causing spasm of adjacent arteries
Rapid increase in pressure rapidly damages the brain leading to coma and death
Symptoms
Sudden, severe headache
Nausea and Vomiting
Collapse
Loss of consciousness
Dizziness
Signs of meningeal irritation
Stiff neck and photophobia
Blurry vision and/or diplopia
Diabetes Insipidus
HTN
cardiac arrythmias
Hemiparesis
Complications
Seizure
Coma
Cerebral vasospasm
Death
Rebleeding or hematoma expansion
Dysphagia
Hemiplegia
Hemiparesis
Collaborative Treatment
Surgery
Coiling
Clipping
AVM removal
PT
OT
SLP
Aspiration measures
Risk
Advanced age
HTN
Sex
Ethnicity
Moderate to excessive alcohol use
Illicit substances like cocaine
Diagnostics and Labs
Lumbar puncture
Angiography
CT Scan
Toxicology screening