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Fire Protection System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - A designated pathway used for quick escape if fire start ablaze
      - Types
        
        Horizontal Exit
        
        Vertical Exit
        
        Final Exit
      - Other components
        
        Fire rated door
        
        Fire resistant door installed near emergency exit
        
        Fire resistant duration is half as the wall
        
        Fire & smoke protection
        
        Controlled corridor
        
        Isolated corridor from the main building using blocked wall
        
        1/2 hour lifespan [direct fire]
        
        Opening is equipped with permanent lights & self-closing door
        
        Concealed lobby
        
        Protected with 4 or 9 inch thick wall [resistance duration 2 - 4 hours]
        
        Must have a good ventilation & lighting
        
        Direct connection to the stairs
    - - A divider or a wall for terrace housing to prevent fire from spreading
      - Types
        
        Horizontal
        
        Fire resistant floor
        
        Floor that divide two stories of a building
        
        Resistance duration more than 4 hours
        
        Vertical
        
        Party Wall
        
        Wall that divides two building
        
        Minimum 200mm thick
        
        Made from concrete or compacted rock
        
        Compartment wall
        
        Partitions inside the building
        
        Resistance duration more than 2 hours
      - 1 hour minimum resistance duration, made from fire resistant material & fire resistant door for opening
    - - Wood / Timber
        
        Low heat conductivity [depends on the types]
      - Bricks
        
        Low heat conductivity and almost fire proof
      - Stone
        
        Good heat insulator
- - - - Fire Blanket
        
        Fire resistant piece of cloth used to extinguish fire
        
        To extinguish small fires by smothering it
        
        Made from asbestos, glass fibers, animal skin and others
      - Sand Bucket
        
        Good for immediate usage & extinguishing small fires
      - Fire extinguisher
        
        Fire protection device to control fire by spraying directly on it
        
        Easy to carry, transfer and mobile
        
        Types
        
        Water
        
        Used for solid combustibles [wood, paper, textiles, etc.]
        
        Advantages
        
        Safe to use and easy to handle
        
        Refillable
        
        Easily reacted
        
        Disadvantages
        
        Can't extinguish oil or electrical-caused fire
        
        CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)
        
        Used to electrical and flammable liquid fire
        
        Advantages
        
        Sprayed gas is clean
        
        Leave no residues
        
        Reacted quickly in normal temperature
        
        Disadvantages
        
        Unrefillable
        
        Foam
        
        Used to extinguish flammable liquid, oils, etc.
        
        Advantages
        
        Easy to use & chemically stable
        
        Refillable
        
        Can extinguish small fires
        
        Disadvantages
        
        Can't extinguish electrical fire
        
        Will freeze if placed in a cold place
        
        Dry Chemical
        
        Used for any type of fire
        
        Advantages
        
        Reacted better than other types extinguisher
        
        Disadvantages
        
        Single usage only
    - - Wet Riser
        
        A system consists of valve and pipes for the Fire Department that contain a permanent water charge
        
        Basically an internal fire hydrant & there is always water
        
        For building less than 30.5 m in height
      - Dry Riser
        
        A system consists of valve and pipes for the Fire Department to pumped the water up the floors
        
        For building more than 30.5 m in height
        
        The pipes are always empty
      - Fire hydrant
        
        An instrument for spraying water to put out the flames
        
        Located between crossroads near a building
      - Sprinkler system
        
        To activate alarm, fight and control fire in a building
        
        The heat from the fire will burst the sprinkler's fuse, causing water to spray