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CIVILIZATION, (The Indus River), the banks of river Indus about 5000 years…
CIVILIZATION
INDUS VALLEY
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The Indus valley civilization also known as Harappan civilization was the ancient civilization built around
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GOVERNMENT
The cities were efficiently governed by the committee consisting of rich merchants and
priests. There is no evidence of kings or queens.
SOCIAL CLASS
The civilization consisted several social groups like the rulers, merchants, traders and the
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RELIGION
No temples were found in the excavation. The worshipped the Mother Goddess, the deity of
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the banks of river Indus about 5000 years ago. It belonged to the Chalcolithic Age. It gave the world its
earliest cities, its first town planning. It’s first architecture in stone and clay and its first example of
sanitary engineering and drainage system. The mountains to the North and desert to the east protected
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Daro, in present day Pakistan,
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and public buildings like the Great Granary, Great Bath and the Assembly Hall. Some cities had a citadel
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artisans, farmers and manual labourers. The rich wore ornaments made of gold, silver and ivory
whereas the poor wore shell, bone and copper jewelry. The women used cosmetics.
Spinning, weaving, brick laying, boat making, stone cutting, masonry and carpentry were also important
occupations. City workers made beads, fishing nets, pots, baskets...everything people needed.
many statuettes made of steatite and limestone. Various sculptures, seals, pottery, gold jewelry, and
detailed figurines in terracotta, bronze, and steatite have been found at excavation sites.
fertility, and Pipal tree. Religious activities were performed by the priests. They believed in after life.
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known as glyphs to maintain records. Priests began to record who had donated religious offerings,
traders recorded their transactions among different groups of peoples, and leaders recorded their
victories in battle, as well as laws for their people to follow. The seals used were generally small, flat,
and rectangular or square in shape made of clay, soap stone and copper
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represent words, objects and ideas.
They carried on flourishing trade both within the country and outside the country, bullocks
Advancement in technology led to carts and early boats that were used as the main method of trade and
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