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Machines - Coggle Diagram
Machines
Machines transfer Mechanical Energy
Simple Machines
Machines that do work using one movement
Simple Machines don't alter the amount amount of work required to complete a task; only change way work is done
Inclined Plane
A flat, sloped surface
Ex: Ramp
Screw
An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder
Changes the direction of the force from one that acts in a straight line to one that rotates
Ex: Screw-top bottle cap
Wedge
An inclined plane that moves
Ex: Pizza cutters
Lever
A simple machine that pivots around a fixed point
Levers decrease the amount of force required to complete a physical task, but the force must be applied over a longer distance
Ex: bottle openers, scissors, seesaws, wheelbarrows, etc.
Wheel-and-axle
A shaft attached to a wheel of larger diameter so that they both rotate together
Ex: Screwdriver
When utilizing a Wheel-and-axle, you apply a small input force over a large distance to the wheel, which causes the axle to rotate a smaller distance with a greater output force
Pulley
A grooved wheel with a rope/cable wrapped around it
A single pulley changes the direction of the force
Ex: Kind on a flagpole
Complex Machines
Two or more simple machines working together.
Machines & Work
The work you put into a machine is an Input Work
The work the machine does on an object is the Output Work
Work = Force x Displacement
Machines can also change the direction of a force
Efficiency
The ratio of Output Work to Input Work
Efficiency (in %) = Output Work/Input Work x 100%
Input & Output Work is measured in Joules (j)
Some work is always transformed into wasted Thermal Energy because of friction
Newton's Laws & Simple Machines
Since force is applied for work, Newton's Laws are always there