Integrated threat theory

Attitudes towards poachers

cooperation with poachers

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punishment & crime

conflict

Symbolic threat

Realistic threat

Perceived conflict

Negative stereotypes

Motivations

recreational

income

hostility to rangers

subsistence

Personality

trustworthy

impossible to change their behavior

greedy

indiscriminately hunt

immoral

arrogant

not conscientious

Family

personal property

park property

personal life threats/safety

Job security

Threat to biodiversity

threat to my ethical values

breaking laws and rules

threat to natural assets for present/future generations