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Social and Behavioral Socialization Outcomes - Coggle Diagram
Social and Behavioral Socialization Outcomes
Self-Regulation: the ability to regulate or control one's impulses, behavior, and/or emotions until an appropriate time, place, or object is available for expression.
Relation to behavior: inhibiting antisocial or aggressive behaviors and exhibiting prosocial or altruistic ones.
antisocial, aggressive behavior: any behavior that harms other people, such as aggression, violence, and crime.
5 Theories explaining its causes
Biological Theories: evolution, genetics, and neuroscience
Social Cognitive Theories: learning and information-processing theories
Sociocultural Theories: how people are influenced by the attitudes, values, and behavior patterns of those around them, particularly significant others.
Ecological Theories: involves the child, family, school, peer group, media, and community
prosocial, altruistic behavior: any behavior that benefits other people, such as altruism, sharing, and cooperation.
5 Theories explaining its development
Biological Theories: reproduction and survival are inborn
Social Cognitive Theories: actions of others via learning theory (consequences and modeling), instruction, and learning by doing.
Cognitive Developmental Theories: perspective-taking and moral reasoning
Social Interactional Theories: Communication style, parenting style
Sociocultural Theories: societies vary greatly in the degree to which prosocial and cooperative behaviors are expected.
morals: encompass an individual's evaluation of what is right and wrong
morality: involves feeling (empathy and guilt), reasoning (ability to understand rules, distinguish right from wrong, and take another person's perspective), and behaving (prosocial and antisocial acts, as well as self-regulation of impulses).
How one's moral code develops according to Piaget and Kohlberg.
Piaget: moral reasoning shifts from the belief that one is subject to external laws (heteronomous morality) to the belief that one is subject to internal laws (autonomous morality).
Kohlberg: There was no consistent relationship between parental conditions of child rearing and various measures of conscience or internalized values, because morality cannot be imposed; it has to be constructed as a consequence of social experiences.
Examples of moral development
situational contexts: judgement of the situation, age of the child, cultural orientation
individual contexts: temperament, self-control, self-esteem, intelligence and education
social interaction: emotions
Gender Role: the qualities individuals understand to characterize males and females in their culture.
Sex Typing: classification into gender roles based on biological sex
4 Theories explaining gender-role development
Psychoanalytic Theory: how one comes to feel like a male or female.
Social Cognitive Theory: how one comes to behave as a male or female.
Cognitive Developmental Theory: how one comes to reason about oneself as a male or female.
Gender Schema Theory: how one comes to process information about oneself as a male or female by perceiving and interpreting gender-linked information.
Socialization influences on gender-role development: Family, peers, school, community, mass media