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Word - Coggle Diagram

- - - - = empty words / form words / grammatical words: do not have notions of their own, but mainly used to connect content words into sentences.
      - pre./ conj./ pron./ auxi./ art.
      - are small in number and stable
      - a higher frequncy in use.
    - - = lexical words / full words: denote clear notions.
      - n./ v./ adj./ adv. num.
      - are numerous and changing all the time.
      - lower frequency in use.
  - - - words that contain only one free form.
      - They are the basic and most common words in the English language. They provide a basis for the formation of new words either through compounding or derivation process.
      - Add affixes to a simple word to make a new word - Derivation - 派生法.
    - - words that are formed with more than one free form.
    - - words that are formed with one free form and one or more affixes.
  - - - Anglo-Saxon words --- 5th century, Germanic tribes
      - monosyllabic
      - basic word stock & core of the language
      - Features
        
        Neutral in style
        
        Higher frequency in use: 70%-90%
    - - from foreigh languages: about 80%
      - heterogeneity
      - remarkable complexity
      - Classes: according to assimilation and manner of borrowing
        
        Denizens - 同化词: words taken from a foreign language with a transformation of the foreign sound and spelling into native forms.
        
        Aliens - 归化词: words borrowed from a foreign language without any change of the foreign sound and spelling
        
        Translation loans - 译借词: words and expressions transmitted from other languages by employing the existing material in the English language.
        
        Semantic loans - 借义词: words of this category are not borrowed in terms of form but meaning.