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THE MODERN STATE image - Coggle…

- - - - Was composed of officials directly under their control, who supervised the kingdom's affairs.
    - - The power of the centralised institutions was gradually increased and the autonomy of the feudal lords and special legislations.
    - - They used to subdue the nobles who confronted them. In time, they prohibited the nobles from forming their own armies.
    - - They established a court or permanent seat for these new institutions to function well.
  - - - French
      - English
      - Spanish (resulting from the union of the kingdoms of Castilla and Aragón),
      - Portuguese (pioneers in the search for new trade routes)
      - Russian
- - - - Expanded its territores in the 15th century
      - They expended with
        
        Ivan III the great
        
        Ivan IV the terrible
      - The Russian monarchs adopted the title of tsar or emperor.
    - - This empire expanded during the 15th century.
      - Conquisted areas
        
        part of Arabia
        
        Syria
        
        Egypt
      - Suleiman I the Magnificent took control of
        
        Northern America
        
        Subdued Hungary
      - It was stopped in the German Imperior in Austria
    - - This empire covered extensive territories
        
        After its unification with Lithuania
      - It was a weak, not very centralised, kingdom.