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THE REVOLUTIONS - Coggle Diagram
THE REVOLUTIONS
FRENCH REVOLUTION
1789, revolutions liked to social equality of the Enlightenment
1792, the repulic was declared, the royal family and people considered as enemies of the Revolution were executed (Reign of Terror, 1793)
France declared war to Britain and Holland, thanks to Napoleon Bonaparte (who was ruling GFrance as a military dictator)
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AMERICAN REVOLUTION
King George III introduced new duties on corn, paper and tea, that caused opposition in the American colonies
The English Parliament reapealed some of them, but the tax on imported tea remained
in 1773, the Boston Tea Party: some rebels dressed as Native Americans threw the British tea in the harbour ("no taxation without representation")
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on 4th July 1776, Declaration of Independence, largely written by Thomas Jefferson
the declaration claimed that all man had a natural right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness
in 1871, the Battle of Yorktown: Britain defeated recognised the independence with the Treaty of Versailles
the Prime Minister William Pitt simplified the financial system, supported Adam Smith's theory of laissez-faire (in The Wealth of Nations)
foundation of the Society of United Irishmen, that aimed the formation of their own republic; Pitt allowed Irish representatives to si at Westminster
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
increasing of population, intensification of agriculture (open fileds were enclosed into smaller portions, the soil was drained) and selection of breeding
mass consumption: purchase of more goods for the house (wardrobes, clocks, china) and clothing (linen underwear, stockings, ribbons, hats)
consumption of goods for pleasure (tobacco, tea, coffee, sugar, alcohol)
industrial innovations: steam engine (made pumping water out of coal mines possible), spinning jenny (increased spinning efficiency), loom (thanks to which cheaper products met the growing demand for goods)
change in geography of the country: industrial activities near coalfields (Midlands and North), with mashroom towns (house for workers)
cities lacked elementary public services (water-supply, sanitation, street-cleaning, open spaces), air was polluted by smoke and filth
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food prices rose, diet and health deteriorated with an increase in the mortality rate
RIOTS IN ENGLAND
King George III suffered from porphyria (hereditary condition), was declared incabaple of reigning
Luddites (after Ned Ludd) smashed the new machines, many were arrested without trial
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1824, trade unions were legalised
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Great Reform Act: extended the vote to almost male members of middle classes; Parliament abolished slavery in West Indies, the Factory Act limited the employment of children under 9