Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Complex Diseases - Coggle Diagram

- - - - damage to teat end
      - gen immunosupp
      - overwhelming exposure to pthgns
  - - - coliforms: E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter
      - non-coliforms less common
    - - Staphylococcus aureus
        
        skin commensal = may be present in low #s
      - Streptococcus agalactiae
    - - coagulase neg Staphylococcus (CNS)
      - environ Streptococcus
        
        Strep and all other environ Gram pos bac that end w "-coccus" that are not Staph
        
        less bad: Strep dysgalactiae, Aerococcus
        
        more bad: Strep uberis, Enterococcus, Lactococcus
    - - Mycoplasma - bact w/o c wall
      - Prototheca - algae
  - - - immu response ineffective and bact persis
    - - SCC are NEVER zero
        
        should be measured over time
  - - - purpose of rapid culture is to decide to trt or not and if confirm test is needed (if contagious)
      - goal is NOT to ID at sp lvl
      - selective media
        
        MacConkey
        
        Gram neg, coliform, or non-coliform
        
        lactose fermentation (pink colonies) = coliform
        
        Factor
        
        Gram pos, beta hemolysis suggestive of Staph aureus
        
        Focus
        
        Strep and Strep-like orgm, hemolysis suggestive of Strep agalactiae
      - why is PCR not gold std?
        
        test for DNA as opposed to viable bact so DNA may be from live, dead or frag of bact
        
        antiseptic technique req
        
        pros: fast, good for ID hard to culture (Mycoplasma)
      - bulk tank culture
        
        primary use = screening tool
        
        are contagious pthgn present in herd?
        
        secondary use = monitor milking time hygiene by tracking lvls of diff bact in milk
        
        recommend monthly or at least quarterly testing
        
        trtmt decisions should NEVER be based on bulk milk tank
      - bulk milk quality
        
        SCC legal lim
        
        US: <750,000 cells/mL
        
        US avg: <200,000 cells/mL
        
        EU: <400,000 cells/mL
- - - - necrophorum fundiforme is virulent form
    - - leukotoxin, LPS endotoxin, hemolysin, hemagglut, capsule, adhesins, plt aggreg, proteolytic enz
    - - cellulitis/necrosis
        
        swelling above coronary band and body
        
        swelling above/btwn claw
      - occ fever
      - sudden onset of severe lameness
      - necrotic laryngitis, hepatic abscesses, uterine dz
    - - rarely done in practice
        
        typ just CS - swelling above both hooves is pathognomonic
        
        response to trtmt is considered diag
        
        if performing them: culture, PCR, histo
    - - hygienic environ, remove manure, formalin footbath
  - - - thermolabile proteases
        
        doesn't cause pain/problems
      - thermostable proteases
        
        DOES cause pain
      - anaerobic fimbriae
        
        affec horn tis (typ footrot is just an interdigital space problem)
      - heat stable EC protease
    - - minimal pain until it erodes into the matrix
        
        in cows it affec the interdigital space/tis but can be at the corneal-horn junc
    - - 1st inspect foot!
    - - hygienic environ, remove manure, footbath in formalin
  - - - Dopfer Muelling theory
    - - zone 1: damage the tis, ulcerative mild lesions less than 3/4th in deep
        
        DOES NOT MATTER WHAT YOU DO AT THIS STAGE IT WILL PROGRESS
    - - zone 2/3: reach the internal environ = complete destruc of dermal pegs
        
        body responds by trying to grow more dermal pegs = "hairy lesions" that are chronic and overprolif of tis
    - - active raw moist lesion, wt shifting, variable locomotion change
    - - observation, culture, biopsy + histopath
        
        may see loss of stratum corneum or reactive inflamm
    - - hygienic environ, remove manure, formalin footbath