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Stem cells - Coggle Diagram

- - - - BUT we can't grow zygotes outside of the body because in vitro fertilized eggs arrest after only 3-4 divisions
    - - embryonic stem cells are pluripotent
      - change transcription factors and chromatin state to be similar to embryonic cells
        
        adult cells grown in culture --> add proper set of transcription factors --> reprogram into ES like-cells --> iPS cells (induced pluripotent stem cells)
        
        ex. Type I diabetes destroys pancreatic beta cells, reprogram iPS cells to differentiatie into pancreatic beta cells
        
        procedure is similar to cells grown in vivo)
        
        stem cells are slow: care is needed to avoid harming patients, limited to WHERE single cell type will cure disease (many diseases involve multiple cell types)
- - - - at bottom of crypts: stem cells divide and push cells to the sides of the villi until they reach the tip and die
  - - - take healthy tissue of patient (has the mutation but doesn't have the bacterial infection that causes the tearing)
        
        take sample and grow in vitro
        
        introduce functional LAMB3 gene into cell culture
        
        grow cells, amplify them, Check cells that have correct DNA
        
        put back into patient
- - - - they are multipotent (can form multiple cell types of one lineage)
    - - growing them in culture --> ability to change genetic info of cells in culture (ex. put gene in the culture