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The Khilafat movement, Screenshot_2020-12-20-19-06-03-1, Screenshot_2020…
The Khilafat movement
Personalities involved
The personalities involved were Shaukat Ali, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Abul Kalam Azad, Mr Mohammad Ali Jinnah, The Ali brothers, Mr Gandhi, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Abdul Mejid II and Syed Suleman Nadvi.
Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali
Mohammad Ali was born in 1878 in Najibabad, Rampur State. His father, Abdul Ali Khan, died when he was five years old. His brothers were Shaukat, who became a leader of the Khilafat Movement, and Zulfiqar.
Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar
Muhammad Ali Jauhar, also known as Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, was an Indian Muslim activist, journalist and a poet, and was among the leading figures of the Khilafat Movement. Mohammad Ali Jauhar was a product of the Aligarh Movement.
Abdul Kalam Azad
Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al-Hussaini Azad was an Indian scholar, Islamic theologian, independence activist, and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement.
Mr Mohammad Ali Jinnah
Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a barrister, politician and the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah served as the leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistan's independence on 14 August 1947, and then as Pakistan's first Governor-General until his death. He is revered in Pakistan as Quaid-i-Azam and Baba-i-Qaum.
Mr Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, also known as Mahatma Gandhi, was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethicist, who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule, and in turn inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.
Abdul Mejid II
Abdulmejid II, 29 May 1868 – 23 August 1944) was the last Caliph of the Ottoman Dynasty, nominally the 37th Head of the Ottoman Imperial House from 1922 to 1924.
The Hijrat Movement
In 1920, 18,000 Muslims mostly from Sindh and NWFP tried to migrate to Afghanistan as they felt that India was now Darvialarb as described by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and Maulana Abdul Bari. They sold their land and properties to go and settle in a land governed by Muslims but the Afghan government, unable to accommodate such a large number, asked them to return. The Hijrat Movement ended in failure and most of these migrant Muslims lost faith in the Khilafat Movement too.
was launched against the aggressive policies of the British Government and for the restoration of the Ottoman empire.
The non cooperation movement
Mr Gandhi collaborated with the Muslims in the cause of the Khilafat and decided to lead the Non-cooperation Movement at the same time to strengthen the cause of Indian independence from Britain. Thus it became a joint struggle of the Hindus and Muslims after their collaboration in the Lucknow Pact of 1916. The movement of non-violence and non-cooperation meant that the Indians would give up the titles and position given to them by the British government and boycott British schools, colleges courts, and councils. A word of caution came from Mr linnah who felt that Indians should not pull back till they set up alternative institutions.
The Non-cooperation Movement came to end with the Chauri Chaura incident in 1922 when police fired at a gathering of demonstrators; the crowd retaliated by attacking the police station and setting fire to it. Twenty-two policemen lost their lives in the incident. Mr Gandhi immediately called off the movement as he believed in non-violent means to gain political ends.
Introduction and background
The Khilafat movement (1919-1924) was an agitation by Indian Muslims allied with Indian nationalism in the years following World War I. Its purpose was to pressure the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the war.
Causes of the movement
Main causes for launching the Non cooperation Movement were: The treatment meted out by the British government to the Caliph of Turkey disturbed the Indian Muslims as he was seen as their religious head. As a result, they started the Khilafat Movement.
Reasons for the failure of the Khilafat Movement
One of the main reasons for the failure of the Khilafat Movement was that the main leader of the Khilafat Movement, Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar was arrested and imprisoned. The Hijrah Movement also failed. The Emigrants found themselves in a crisis when they returned back.
