Conditions/ Factors to facilitate Second Language Learning

1. Intelligence

2.Motivation and Attitude

3. Learning styles

4. Learning Strategies

5. Learner autonomy

6. Learner belief

7. Learner age

Gardner: Intelligence plays a crucial role (intellectual attributes to SLL)

FOUR strenghs

Identify + memorize new SOUND

Understand functions of WORDS

Figure out Grammar rules

Memorise new words

4 types:

Instrumental (for intermediate/practical goals, for a job)

*Integrative (for better cultural understanding, British culture)

Intrinsic (based on rewards, scholarships, grants)

*Extrinsic: (internal desire to achieve goals and enjoyment)

Based on strengths, weaknesses and personal preferences.

Left & Right brain functioning

Impulsive style

Reflectivity

Visual & Auditory style

Left: better at deductive style (diễn dịch)

Right: better at deductive style (quy nạp)

good at guessing things (chuyên gia đánh lụi)

Good at intaking the information, better at coming up with solutions to problems.

Visual: excellent at reading and visual patterns

Auditory: better at listening to lectures and audiotapes...

Cognitive

Metacognitive

Communication

Socio-affective

Đọc chép truyền thống

Plan - Think - Self monitor

Use gestures, mimes, synonyms,... from L1.

Provide learners with opportunities for practice.

To create a self-determined learner + develop independent and responsible individuals.

Self-study, control learning, collab

Learners have different opinions, views, beliefs in learning, Teachers should be aware of this so as to adjust any misleading beliefs in learners.

Children acquire language much faster than adults

Children are welcomed to make mistakes, while adults may receive more pressure and criticism.