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Families Topic 1
-part 1- - Coggle Diagram
Families Topic 1
-part 1-
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Alternatives
Less Common
Nayar Tribe
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Woman has multiple sexual partners - makes biological father uncertain - the chid is the mothers, bothers responsibility (Uncle)
Communes
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Kibbutz - Parents and children are separated - children are brought up by community with limited access to seeing their parents
Banaro Tribe
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Woman marries a man, sleeps with fathers best friend to make sure she can have children - if she cant she is divorced
Common
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Homosexual Households
- Civil Partnership Act 2004
- Marriage Act 2014
Cashmore
- 1 parent
- Majority working class
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Functionalists
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Parsons
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Warm Bath Theory
- Husband has a hard day at work
- Women = metaphor for Warm Bath
- Supposed to ease and soothe the family = stabilising personality in wider society
- Allows man to return to work the next day
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Critics
Being Out of Date
- P - WBT = Old fashioned - Now both partners play equal roles
Ignoring Exploitation of Women
- Sexual Division of Labour (undermines women)
Downplaying Conflict
- M and P paint a 'pretty picture' of family and downplay conflict - 'darker side'
Ignoring Harmful Effects of Family
- Leach = in modern society nuclear families has become isolated from kin and wider community (privatization)
- Families expect to much
- Laing (Marxist) argue - family can be destructive. it can lead to questioning in later life
Fletchers Criticism
- Family ahs lost its functions - There's now services that check if people are safe - family has more responsibility
The New Right
- Supports tradition (Functionalists view)
- Any social change = anti social behaviour = social change
- Dependency comes from Welfare State
Marxists
4 Main Functions
Ideological Functions
- Althusser
-Working class much submit to Bourgeoisie (B)
- Family is part of ISA
- Socialisation in B = False Class Consciousness
- Sanctions an control = child obedience = ready for work
Unit of Consumption
- Zaretsky
- Family consumes products of Capitalism
- Housewives compete with each other 'Keeping up with the Joneses' - domestic appliances
- Children use 'Pester Power' to get latest products
- Media is the ISA in persuading families to conform - Buying = surplus value to the B
Inheritance of Property
- Engels
- Monogamous nuclear family - provides proof of paternity = property can be passed on to heirs
- Teaches children the foundation of superstructure and need to pass on wealth (economic security)
Cushions Effect of Capitalism
- Zaretsky
- Family cushions exploitation of B - Women play an important role - Safety Valve for men = After work they become 'King of The Castle' at home
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Feminists
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Liberal Feminists
- Women position = major responsibility of housework - only way to improve status is to provide choice of motherhood a career or mix of both - 6 WAYS
Establishing Legal Rights of Women
- Equal Pay Act 1970
- Equality Act 2010
Establishing Equal Maternity and Paternity Leave
- Having the same legal time off for chid birth (has now happened)
Better and Cheaper Childcare
- Lets women have a job as well as being a mum
Stronger Action Against Domestic Violence
- Women being victims is more common
Changing Socialisation / Parenting
- Avoid stereotyping - 'housewife'
Sharing Housework and Childcare
Critic
- Improves status but doesn't actually tackle inequalities faced by women
Radical Feminists
- Focuses on the problem of a patriarchal society and family
- Geer argues in modern day many relationships remain patriarchal
- Sees family as a patriarchal unit - men are in control of family (sometimes backed with domestic violence)
- They believe women should ' steer clear' of men and to reject the idea of family life
Marxist Feminists
- Emphasises exploitation of women in the family and in society - 2 WAYS of perpetuating Capitalism
Social Control of Working Class
- 'Good Parents' provide comforts and good life chances - this keeps people in ' boring jobs'
- The family is a 'safety valve' from work life
Delphy and Leonard the 'safety valve' is the women
Social reproduction of Labour
- Children are raised securely - Ruling Class produce's a passive labour force achieved through:
- Proving a place of relaxation for the members of the family that work (allows them to return to dull form)
- Socialising children into dominant ideology - preparing for work - obedient, punctual
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