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General trends in groups and periods, Group 1: Alkaline metals, Group 7:…
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Group 1: Alkaline metals
As we go down the group the Melting and boiling points decreases. as atoms get bigger down the group.
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As we go down the group the reactivity increases as the force of attraction between positively charged Nucleus and negatively charged outer electron weakens so the Outer electron is easily loosen.
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Lithium (melting point of 181 degrees centigrade) is solid at room temperature
Cesium is (melting point of 28 degrees centigrade) is also solid at room temperature
All are solid at room temperature.
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They can be cut with knife all these metals have light grey, silvery surface, which quickly tarnishes.
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They are stored in oil, because they are very reactive
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Group 7: Halogens
As we go down the group the reactivity decreases as in larger atoms the outermost electrons are further away from Nucleus, which makes it more difficult to gain an electron as it would be less strongly attracted to each other.
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As we go down the group the melting and boiling point increases as relative molecular mass increases hence intermolecular mass of attraction becomes more stronger and have more energy
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Fluorine has yellow colour and is gas.
Chlorine has green colour and is gas.
Bromine has brown colour and is liquid.
Iodine has purple colour and is solid.
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Displacement reaction: This is the reaction which is on the order of the reactivity. Example: Sodium Iodide + bromine = Sodium bromide + iodine. Bromine is more reactive than iodine and hence it replaces it.
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Group 8: Noble gases
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They are unreactive and sometimes referred as inert gases because there outer shell is full and doesn't have tendency to gain or lose electrons.
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Xenon and krypton form compound in special experimental conditions, so as we go down the group the reactivity increases .
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