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CHAPTER 5 : STATE OF MATTER - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 5 : STATE OF MATTER
GASES
IDEAL GAS
have mass but no volume
molecular collision are elastic
intermolecular forces are nagligible
PV = nRT
R = 0.082057 L . atm / mol . K @ 8.3145 J / mol . K
REAL GAS
have mass and volume
intermolecular forces exist and acting between the molecules
BOYLE'S LAW
volume is inversely proportional to pressure
temperature and no. of mole are
constant
P1V1 = P2V2
CHARLE'S LAW
volume is proportional to temperature
no. of mole and pressure are
constant
V1 / T1 = V2 / T2
AVOGRADO'S LAW
volume is proportional to no. of mole
temperature and pressure are
constant
V1 / n1 = V2 / n2
DALTON'S LAW
total pressure exert by a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressure exert by each of the gas in the mixture
P1 = ( n1RT ) / V
P1 = X1 P (total)
STANDARD TEMPERATURE
AND PRESSURE ( STP )
T = 273.15 K
P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr = 101.325 kPa
LIQUIDS
THE PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS
VOLUME AND SHAPE
has definite volume
no definite shape
liquids flow to fit the shape but cofined to a certain volume
SURFACE TENSION
amount of energy required to stretch the surface of a liquid by a unit are
caused by the direction of attractive forces that acting between the molecules
molecules at the surface experience attractiv force from bottom and sideway. thus the surface will stretch
the stronger the intermolecular force the higher the surface tension
VICOSITY
the resistance of a liquid to flow
the higher the viscosity, the slower liquid flow
Factor Affecting Vescosity
strength of intermolecular forces
size of the molecules
temperature of the molecules
COMPRESSIBILITY
more difficult to compress rather than gas
VAPORISATION PROCESS
A process where the molecules kinetic energy is sufficient enough to overcome the intermolecular force and escape from liquid to gaseous staet through a surface
Only occur on the surface of the liquid
Factor Affecting
The Rate of Vaporization
surface area
temperature
vapour pressure
is the pressure exerted by the vapour moleculess on the surface of a liquid
Factor Affecting The
Vapor Pressure
temperature
intermolecular forces
BOILING PROCESS
a process where the liquids change to vapor at particular temperature and atmospheric temperature
happens throughout the liquids
Boiling Point
the temperature where,
vapour pressure = the external atm pressure
Normal Boiling
Point
the temperature where the liquids boil when,
external pressure = 1 atm
Factor Affecting The Boiling Point
atm pressure
intermoleculars forces
SOLID
TYPE OF SOLID
crystalline solid
amorphous solid
Type Of Crystalline Solid
metallic solid
ionic solid
molecular covalent solid
giant covalent solid