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4.e Strategies to manage transport issues in cities - Coggle Diagram
4.e Strategies to manage transport issues in cities
Mass transit systems- vehicles run on tracks seperate from cars, and sometimes underground in the most congested cities
Advantages: Seperate from cars
Not held up by traffic jams
Reduced air pollution
Can be quick and efficent
Disadvantages: High initial cost of investement
Limited network - can't serve the whole conurbation
Examples: Tyneside Metro - Newcastle
Sheffield Supertram
Manchester Light Rapid Tansit (trams)
London Underground
Bus Priority Lanes - One or more lanes reserved for buses at all times / at peak times
Advantages: speeds up buses
Buses are more reliable
more bus use
slows down cars - discourage use
Disavantages: Annoys motorists
Illegal use by cars
accidents block bus lanes
Examples: Birmingham
Leamington Spa Parade
Oxford
Car Pooling - cars are only allowed in certain lanes if they have 2 or more people in them. Fewer cars in this lane and less congested and quicker journey
Advantages: encorages car sharing, fewer cars on the road.
Reduces congestion, air and noise pollution
car owners could be fined, providing incomes to maintain existing roads
Disadvantages: Needs drivers to join car sharing schemes
inconvenient for motorists
drivers can cheat with their passangers - dummies
limited to certain routes - not city wide
Corona Virus - Social Distancing
Examples: Birmingham, London
Congestion zone with road pricing or road rationing - Cars can be automatically charged when entering or leaving cities. Cars only allowed in cities on alternate days (odd/even registration numbers)
Advantages: Cuts down traffic, reduces congestion,
Provides money for transport improvements
Reduces air and noise pollution
Disadvantages: Expensive to run,
Less well off discourages, but rich won't be affected and will just pay
Examples: Durham,
London Congestion Charge
Increased Parking Charges - due to land and building car parks being expensive, costs of car parking can be high, along with penalities for illegal parking
Discourage car use,
Increase public transport use,
profits invested in public transport systems
Disadvantages: drives customers to out of town shops with free parking, away from city centre
CBD businesses and shops may be have to close
Won't affect the rich
Examples: Cities,
London
Cambridge
Pedestrain organised city centres - Many CBD shopping areas are closed to all road traffic, apart from emergency vehicles, disabled people's cars and delivery vehicles at non-peak periods
Advantages: safer for pedestrains,
reduces air and noise pollution in CBD
manyincrease shopping in city centre shops
Disadvantages: shopkeepers fear reduced trade,
less convenient for motorists
increased congestion outside pedestrain areas
Examples: Birmingham Bullring, Symphony Hall
Leamington Spa Parade
Cycle lanes, cycle hire - seperate cycle lanes designated on roads, or cycle paths built. traffic lights and junctions adapted to protect cyclists, giving them priority over cars, bikes availble to hire
Advantages: encourages bike use, discourages car use,
health benefits for cyclists
reduced air and noise pollution
cycle hire can be integrated with other public transport systems
Disadvantages: temprematal weather
annoy car users,
difficult to police
dangerous and accidents likely (especially when lane rejoins ordinary roads)
Examples: London, Cambridge, Bristol,
Park and ride - large care parks provided on the city outskirts, with public transport to regularly take people into the CBD throughout the day. There is usually a charge for the journey
Advantages: reduced no. cars on road towards and in the CBD
less need to build more roads and car parks in CBD
reduced air and noise polluion throughout city
Disadvantages: annoy car users, due to wait for buses to transfer
uses up green sites in RUF for car parks
increase traffic around the car parks
Examples: Stratford
Tidal Flow System - used on urban motorways, when the middle lanereverses direction of travel between morning rush hour ad evening rush hour (into CBD - morning, out in evening) more lanes when traffic is heavier
Advantages: speeds up flow of traffic,
commuters will have a faster journey
fewer stopages
less trafic congestion - traffic keeps flowing
Disadvantages: may not reduce air and noise pollution as same number of cars on the road
confusion/accidents if drivers are unaware of reversal in middle lane
Examples: Aston express way - Birmingham
Double red lines - stopping to park, load/unload, board and unlight from a vehicle, except Blue Badge Holders and Taxis is prohibited
Advantages: keeps traffic flowing smoothly, reducing traffic jams
quicker journey for commuters
Disadvantages: same no. of cars - air and nois pollution is't reduced
needs to be policed and people fined to work effectively
Examples: Birmingham,