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Vascular Plants Without Seeds - Coggle Diagram
Vascular Plants Without Seeds
Early vascular plants
Rhyniophytes
Earliest fossils that were definitely vascular land plants
Equal dichotomous branching
Simple, short, upright stems with no leaves
Zosterophyllophytes
Small herbs without secondary growth
Lateral sporangia
Xylem was an exarch protostele
The microphyll line of evolution: lycophytes
Heterospory
Sporangia are often clustered together in cones
Some became heterosporous
Extant genera
Lycopodium
Common in forests
Small herbs wit prostrate rhizomes that have true roots and short, upright brancches
Selaginella
Less common
Small and easily overlooked
Morphology
Evolved from small enations
Some up to 78 cm long
Evolution of true roots
The megaphyll line of evolution: euphyllophytes
Monilophytes
Ferns and fern allies
Equisetophytes
Horsetails
Herbs without secondary growth
Jointed structure
Origin of megaphylls
Euphylls
Telome theory
Ferns
Found in almost any habitat
Trimerophytes
Similar to rhyniophytes
Had unequal branching
Has a single main trunk
The term "vascular cryptogams"
Ferns and fern allies
Have vascular tissue
Lack seeds
